HVAC

HEATING,VENTILATION AND
AIR CONDITIONING

GROUP MEMBERS
AYESHA HABIB-006
BAKHTAWAR IJAZ-007
LAIBA UZAIR-015
MIRZA FARRUKH-022
MISHAL WAQAR CHEEMA-023
UMER NASIR-026
GOAL

 TO PROVIDE THERMAL COMFORT

 TO PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE INDOOR AIR QUALITY

PRINCIPLES
 THERMODYNAMICS
 FLUID MECHANISM
 HEAT TRANSFER
HEATING
 CONVENTION
 CONDUCTION
 RADIATION

VENTILATION

 NATURAL VENTILATION
 MECHANICAL OR FORCED VENTILATION (AHU)

AIR CONDITIONING

 PROVIDES COOLING
 HUMIDITY CONTROL
 WI TRIBE
HEAD
OFFICE
Location: Gulberg green,
executive block
Under Construction
HVAC: Not installed yet
Function: Office.
HVAC SYESTEM USED
 HITACHI VRF or VRV
 VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW
 USED IN JAPAN SINCE 1980S
 50% MIDSIZE OFFICE BUILDINGS
 33% LARGE COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
USAGE MEDIUM

 VRF USES REFRIGERANT AS

HEATING
AND COOLING MEDIUM

This refrigerant is conditioned by a

single or multiple outdoor
condensing units, and is circulated
within the building to multiple
indoor units.
PARTS OF VRV
1- Fan
2- Fan Motor
3- Heat Exchanger
4- Distributor
5- Strainer
6- Micro-computer Control
Expansion Valve
7- Electrical Box
8- Refrigerant Gas Pipe
Connection
9- Refrigerant Liquid Pipe
Connection
10- Drain Pipe Connection
11- Drain Discharge Mechanism
12- Float Switch
13- Drain Pan
14- Rubber Plug For Drain
15- Air Panel P-N23NA2
16- Air Inlet Grille
17- Air Filter
18- Air Outlet
19- Air Inlet
20- Cover For Corner Pocket
 Ducts

VRF unit

Connecting material

Markings
PLANS
• INTELLIGENT DEFROSTING FUNCTION

The unit automatically implements

defrosting according to heat
exchange temperature changes of
outdoor units
• BALANCED OPERATION MANAGEMENT

The units adopt the triple backup operation design, through which ODU
modules, intra module compressors and fans back up each other, with a view
to ensuring that the system units can continue operation in accidental
protection/shutdown and shortening the maintenance waiting time.
• SILENT DESIGN
The units are configured with 14 silent designs and use the simulation technology
to improve the system constantly and realize silent operation for both IDUs and
ODUs.
 • CENTRALIZED
CONTROLLER
• User-friendly interfaces and touch
screen operation
• Controlling a maximum of 16 IDUs
(in one system or crossing multiple
systems)
• Single unit or cluster mode settings
• Power-on/off and temperature
settings
• Air conditioning mode
(cooling/heating/ dehumidifying/air
supply) settings
• High wind/medium wind/low
wind/auto/air deflector swing
settings
• Timed ON/OFF function: the
maximum timing is 24 hours
• Sleep function
• Auxiliary electrical heating or
auxiliary hot water pipe control
• Operating status monitoring.
VARIABLE REFRIGERANT
FLOW
 TOTAL HEAT LOAD OF BUILDING CALCULATION
BEFORE INSTALLATION.
 CONDITIONED BY A OUTDOOR CONDENSING
UNIT AND IS CIRCULATED WITHIN THE
BUILDING TO MULTIPLE INDOOR UNITS.
 COOLING COIL CONNECTED TO
REFRIGERATION UNIT.
 HEATING COIL CONNECTED TO HEAT PUMP.
 AN ALL IN ONE UNIT, ALL MAIN COMPONENTS
WITHIN ONE HOUSING.
 VRF SYSTEMS REQUIRES MUCH LESS CEILING
SPACE THAN CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS
BECAUSE ONLY THE REFRIGERANT PIPING AND
DUCTED OUTSIDE VENTILATION AIR ARE
ACCOMMODATED.
 THEY ARE VERY POPULAR DUE TO 40 PERCENT
ENERGY SAVINGS.
 GOOD ZONING CONTROL PROVIDING
SIMULTANEOUS COOLING AND HEATING WITH
HEAT RECOVERY.
 VRF HEAT RECOVERY CAN OPERATE IN
SIMULTANEOUS HEATING AND COOLING MODE.
 REDUCED KW PER TON ENERGY INPUT WHICH RESULTS IN REDUCED
OVERALL ENERGY COST BUDGET
EXAMPLE
A regular rooftop unit RTU with EER 13 has 0.923-kW/ton input
A VRF system with an IEER of 17.4 has 0.689-kW/ton input.
This will result in the VRF system having more favorable energy
performance and achieving more than 20% or more energy
reduction.
 THEY DISTRIBUTE THE REFRIGERANT INSTEAD OF PIPING HOT WATER AND
CHILLED WATER TO EACH FAN COIL UNIT OR AIR HANDLING UNIT.
 IT CAN BE INSTALLED IN IDIVIDUAL SETS ON EACH FLOOR.

DISADVANTAGE

 IF SERVICE OF ONE PART OCCURS AN ENTIRE SECTION HAS TO BE STOPPED.

CONCLUSION
 THE SYSTEMS NEED TO BE SELECTED ACCORDING TO THE
BUILDING VOLUME, TYPE, EACH AREAS REQUIREMENT
AND AVAILABILITY OF ALIGN SERVICES I.E POWER AND
GAS.
 TO BE SELECTED ACCORDING TO THE CEILING HEIGHTS,
CAVITIES BETWEEN THE CEILING AND SLAB AND COST
AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY.
International
Commerce
Center
Location: West Kowloon, Hong
Kong
Height: 484 m
Floors: 108
Construction Period: 2002 -
2010
Developer: Sun Hung Kai
Properties
Function: Hotel, Office.
 HVAC SYSTEM

• The cooling system for the

International Commerce Centre
consists of a “custom made,
energy-optimizer water-cooled air
conditioning system”

• The heating season of Hong Kong is

approximately 4 months long and the
cooling season is approximately 6
months long

• The heating load for the skyscraper is

very small in comparison to the
cooling load.
• Based on the cooling system consisting of
chillers, cooling towers, air handling units,
and variable air volume boxes, it is
assumed that the heating system uses
boilers as the heating source because
the same piping system can be used for
both heating and cooling.
• The system consists of sensors and monitors to analyse the energy daily and seasonal
variations in energy consumption in order to operate the HVAC systems most efficiently.

• The major challenge for the HVAC design team would have been designing for the immense
size of the building. The calculations would have needed to be very accurate in order to not
under design but also not over design because that would waste money.

• The components for the HVAC system are located on designated mechanical floors of the
International Commerce Center.

• There are more than ten floors dedicated to mechanical and electrical equipment which
serve different areas of the building.
VENTILATION
fin.