Physics

Relativity

Physics
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Relativity in physics

• Galilean relativity
• Numerical relativity
• Albert Einstein’s Theory of relativity

Physics
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Galilean relativity

Galilean relativity states that the laws of

motion are the same in all inertial frames.
Also that it is impossible to determine if the
inertial frame is stationary or moving at a
constant speed.
Physics
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Galilean relativity
x=x’ + ut
S S’ S S’ y=y’
y y’ y y’ u’
u ut z=z’
x’
x v’
vx = v’x + u
t=t’=0 vy = v’y
x x’ x x’
vz = v’y
z z’ z z’
a’x = ax
a’y = ay
a’z = az
Physics
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Numerical relativity

Numerical relativity is one of the branches of general

relativity that uses numerical methods and algorithms to
solve and analyze problems.

Physics
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Numerical relativity

time
known known
supercomputer
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Theory of relativity
The theory of relativity usually encompasses two
interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special
relativity and general relativity
In 1905, Albert Einstein determined that the speed of
light in a vacuum was independent of the motion of all
observers. As a result, he found that space and time
were interwoven into a single continuum known as
space-time.
Physics
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General relativity

General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its

relation to other forces of nature. It applies to
the cosmological and astrophysical realm, including
astronomy.

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General relativity
Einstein field equations (EFE)
 
Rμν - Rgμν + Λgμν = Tμν
Rμν - Ricci curvature tensor
R - scalar curvature
gμν - metric tensor
Λ - cosmological constant
G- Newton's gravitational constant
c - speed of light in vacuum
 Tμν - stress–energy tensor. Physics
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Special relativity

Special relativity is based on two postulates:

1. The laws of physics are the same for all observers
in uniform motion relative to one another.
2. The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all
observers, regardless of their relative motion or of the
motion of the light source.

Physics
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Special relativity

E = m
 

E – energy
m – mass
c – speed of light in vacuum

Physics
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