Chapter two

ICE OPERATING
CHARACTERISTICS
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 1st Stroke = INTAKE
stroke = 180° of crankshaft
revolution
Top Dead Centre
(TDC)

4th Stroke = INTAKE 2nd Stroke = INTAKE

stroke = 720° of crankshaft stroke = 360° of crankshaft
revolution revolution

Bottom Dead
Centre (BDC)

3rd Stroke = INTAKE

stroke = 540° of crankshaft
revolution

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 Schematic Diagram
for Diesel Engine

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 Indicated
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Power

Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

? Why N/i

N
PI  Pmep Lstroke Apiston z
i
 Brake Power
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2. Brake power (b.p.):

This is the measured output of the engine. It is usually
obtained by a power absorption device such as a
brake or dynamometer which can be loaded in such a
way that the torque exerted by the engine can be
measured. The break power is given by:

Where T is the torque Pb  2NT

 Friction power and Mechanical efficiency
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The difference between the Pi and the Pb is the

friction power (Pf) and is that
power required to overcome the frictional resistance
of the engine parts,

Pb
m  Pi
 Mechanical Efficiency
Some of the power generated in the cylinder is used to overcome engine
friction. The friction power is used to describe these losses:

P f = Pi - P b
Friction power can be measured by motoring the engine.

The mechanical efficiency is defined as:

m = Pb / Pi = 1- (Pf / Pi )
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Piston Speed (PS)
VC
TC

PS = 2LN m/min B

BC

l
s

q
a

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Example

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