HEALTH AND SAFETY

AT WORK
Name Roll No.
S. Aishwarya 19MBA091
M.N. Praveen 19MBA092
T. Muthukumar 19MBA094
S. Karthika 19MBA096
P. Maha Nandhini 19MBA096
 SAFETY
Safety- a management activity concerned with reducing, controlling
and eliminating hazards.
Responsibility of both employees and employers.

Employer Employees
s
NEED FOR SAFETY IN WORKPLACE
Higher productivity.
Increased Efficiency and Quality.
Reduce injuries, disease and fatalities.
Reduced medical and Insurance costs.
Lower workers’ compensation rates and payments.
Improved reputation as an employer of choice.
 OBJECTIVE OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY

 To Provide protection

 To provide healthy, safe and hygienic condition in the Industry

 To take protection against risk and hazards

 To provide prevention of accident on machinery and occupational hazards

KEY ELEMENTS OF SAFETY
Management Leadership.
Assignment of responsibility.
Maintenance of safe working conditions.
Establishment of safety training.
An accident record system.
Medical and first aid system.
Acceptance of personal responsibilities by employees.
SAFETY MEASURES
Risk Assessment.
Emergency Equipment(Fire).
Emergency Equipment(First Aid).
Personal safety clothing and equipment.
Safety Footwear.
Eye Protection.
Safety helmets.
Respirators and Gloves.
Ear defenders.
CONSEQUENCE OF UNSAFE AND UNHEALTHY
WORKING ENVIRONMENT

Injuries and disease.

-Back injuries are more prevalent.
-Exposure to chemicals.
Mental health.
Deaths and violence.
Economic costs.
STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE WORKPLACE
SAFETY AND HEALTH
Measuring and monitoring.

Accident Prevention.

Disease Prevention.

Stress Management.

Wellness programs.
 FACTORY ACT

In accordance with the Factories Act 1948, an occupier of an establishment must ensure the
health, safety and welfare of all the workers while they are at work in the factory.

The employer is obliged to take care to protect the worker’s health and safety by providing the
means of rescue, the first aid, and the cleanup; and arrangements and organization of the
workplace.

It is obligatory for an employer/occupier to ensure the provision and maintenance of plant and
systems of work that are safe and without health risks.
 Legislation The Workplace Health and
Safety Act
Legislation The Workplace Health and Safety Act. “An Act to promote occupational health
and safety in the Territory to prevent workplace injuries and diseases, to protect the health
and safety of the public in relation to work activities, to promote the rehabilitation and
maximum recovery from incapacity of injured workers, to provide financial compensation
to workers incapacitated from workplace injuries or diseases and to the dependants of
workers who die as the results of such injuries or diseases, to establish certain bodies and a
fund for the proper administration of the Act, and for related purposes.”
 HEALTH
As defined by WHO, health is a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well
being and absence of disease.

This health in working environment can be maintained according to factory act by considering
various factors like Cleanliness, Disposal of wastes and effluents , Ventilation and temperature ,
Dust and fume , Lighting ,Drinking water ,Spittoons, Good Machine Health and Good Work
Practice .
 CLEANLINESS
 Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvial arising from any drain,
or other nuisance, and in particular :
I. Accumulation of dirt shall be removed daily by sweeping or by any other
effective method;
II. The floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in every week by
washing, using disinfectant;
III. Effective drainage shall be provided.

 All walls, partition, ceiling, passage shall be painted periodically.

 DISPOSAL OF WASTES AND EFFLUENTS
 Waste shall be disposed of after suitable treatment to render them harmless to the
external environment.

 Wastewater should be properly treated through ETP Plant and should be given
out to the sewages.
ETP Plant
 VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE
 Effective and suitable provisions shall be made in every factory for
maintaining in every workroom ;
 The circulation of fresh air by adequate ventilation.

 Such a temperature as determination secure to workers therein reasonable

conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health;
 Process producing high temperature to be separated.
VENTILATION AT WORKPLACE
 DUST AND FUMES
The working place should free from dust and fumes.

Provide exhaust for internal combustion engine.

Provide Proper Scrubber System for Furnaces and Boilers.

Chimney to be provided for Smoke emission at Higher altitudes

 LIGHTING
In every part of a factory where workers are working there shall be provided
enough and suitable lighting.

All glazed windows and skylights used for the lighting of the workrooms shall
be kept clean.

The government may prescribe standards of sufficient and suitable lighting for
factories or for any manufacturing process.
 DRINKING WATER

In every factory, effective arrangements shall be made to provide and maintain
at a suitable points for supply of wholesome drinking water.

 In every factory, wherein more than two hundred workers are employed,
provisions shall be made for cooling drinking water during hot weather.
DRINKING WATER AT WORKPLACE
 SPITTOONS
In every factory, there shall be provided a sufficient number of spittoons in
suitable places and maintained in a clean and hygienic condition.

The State Government may make rules prescribing the type and numbers of
spittoons to be provided in any factory and maintenance in a clean and hygienic
condition.
 GOOD MACHINE HEALTH

Each machine should be maintained so as to be in Condition when received from

OEM.

Periodical Machine Audits should be done so as to find Major Flaws and Minor
Flaws if any.

Proper Lubrication and cleaning of Machine should be done as per Standards.

History Card, OPL’s and Kaizens should be recorded and preserved near Machine
for easy references.
 GOOD WORK PRACTICE
Ensure proper Operation of Machine as per process mentioned by the OEM.

A person handling Automated machine must be qualified so as to Operate it.

Right Methodology should be used for Greasing and Lubrication of Machine.

Machine Logs should be Maintained whenever Machine is turned ON.

 SAFETY
Workplace safety refers to the working environment at a company and encompasses all factors
that impact the safety, health, and well-being of employees.
There are various safety measures to be followed for the wellbeing.
It includes
Environmental hazards
Unsafe working conditions or processes
Drug and alcohol abuse
Workplace violence
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
Workplace safety is monitored at the national level by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
The law of 1970, requires employers to provide their employees with working conditions that are
free of known dangers.
OSHA main goals
To ensure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and
enforcing standards and by providing training, education and assistance.
OSHA – Employer
Responsibilities
Provide a workplace free from serious recognized hazards and comply with standards, rules
and regulations issued under the OSH Act.
Make sure employees have and use safe tools and equipment and properly maintain this
equipment.
Use color codes, posters, labels or signs to warn employees of potential hazards.
Establish or update operating procedures and communicate them so that employees follow
safety and health requirements.
Employers must provide safety training in a language and vocabulary workers can understand.
Keep records of work-related injuries and illnesses.
OSHA – Employee
Responsibilities
Be trained in a language you understand
Work on machines that are safe
Be provided required safety gear, such as gloves or a harness and lifeline for falls
Be protected from toxic chemicals
Report an injury or illness, and get copies of your medical records
Review records of work-related injuries and illnesses
Get copies of test results done to find hazards in the workplace
Employee can also file a complaint if the organization that is registered under OSHA doesn’t
follow the standards
Common Safety Measures
Slips, trips, and falls:
– Falls are the number one leading cause of injury in the workplace. A major cause of falls in the
workplace is the use of improper lifting techniques.
– Proper Lifting Tips
• Assess the situation and plan the lift.
• Make sure you have nonskid shoes and firm footing.
• Bend your knees, tighten your stomach, and keep your back straight.
• Make sure you have a good grip on the item or person you are lifting.
• Lift smoothly.
A smooth lift means that you avoid twisting your body, point your feet in the direction you want
to go, and push if possible rather than pull.
Fire safety
– The best safety advice related to fire safety
is to stay calm.
– Move to designated Assembly point.
– Use a fire extinguisher.
WORKPLACE VIOLENCE
Workplace violence is any act or threat of
-physical violence
-harassment
-threatening
-disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site.
It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide.
It can affect and involve employees, clients, customers and visitors.
How can workplace violence
hazards be reduced?
The risk of assault can be prevented or minimized if employers take appropriate precautions. 
One of the best solution is to establish a zero-tolerance policy toward workplace violence.
This policy should cover all workers, patients, clients, visitors, contractors, and anyone else who
may come in contact with company personnel.
Provide a workplace violence prevention program, employee handbook, or manual of standard
operating procedures.
It is critical to ensure that all workers know the policy and understand that all claims of
workplace violence.
Employment of young persons on
dangerous machines
No young person are allowed to work at any machine,
 Unless he has been fully instructed as to the dangers arising in connection with the machine
and the precautions to be observed.
Unless has received sufficient training in work at the machine.
 Unless he is under adequate supervision by a person who has a thorough knowledge and
experience of the machine
Floors, stairs and means of access
All floors, steps, stairs, passages and gangways shall be of sound construction and properly
maintained and checked there is no slippery items on the way
It is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, passages and gangways shall be provided with
substantial handrails
When any person has to work at a height from where he is likely to fall, provision shall be
made, so far as is reasonably practicable, by fencing or otherwise, to ensure the safety of the
person
 Provide and maintain a safe means of access to every place at which any person is at any time
required to work
Other Safety Measures
Excessive weights
No person shall be employed in any factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be
likely to cause him injury.
Protection of eyes
In respect of any such manufacturing process carried on in any factory, consider the following
risk of injury to the eyes from particles or fragments thrown off in the course of the process
risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light
Example - Welding
Precautions against dangerous
fumes, gases
No person shall be required or allowed to enter any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other
confined space in any factory in which any gas, fume, vapour or dust is likely to be present.
-unless it is provided with a manhole of adequate size or other effective means of egress (way to
go out).
No person shall be required or allowed to enter any confined space as is referred to in sub-
section,
-until all practicable measures have been taken to remove any gas, fume, vapour or dust, which
may be present so as to bring its level within the permissible limits
Person should wear suitable breathing apparatus and a belt securely attached to a rope the free
end of which is held by a person outside the confined space before getting into tank or pit.
Hazardous Environments
Hot Environment --Eg- Moulding
Cold Environment -- Eg- Cold stores for Meat and food products
Contaminated environments--Eg- Paint spraying, radio active elements
Physically dangerous environments --Eg- Industries that includes machineries, fabrication
equipments
Electrically dangerous Environment -- Industries that deal with electricals.
Hygenically dangerous Environment – Eg- Food processing units
THANK YOU