ENGLISH COMPREHENSION AND

COMPOSITION

Abdulrahman Ghafori
COURSE OUTLINE

 Introduction to Tenses

 Definition of tense

 Simple present tense

 Present continuous tense

 Vocabulary

 Computing abbreviation

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DEFINITION OF TENSE

 The word tense is an English word which is taken from

Latin word tempus that means time or age.

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DEFINITION OF TENSE
(CON…)
 Tense is mainly divided into three sections:

 Past

 Present

 Future

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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
 Is used to show an action that happens regularly,

habitually, naturally or daily.

 structures:

 Sub+V+Com

 Sub+v+ s,es,ies+com

Ex: She performs the prayer five times a day.

 Does he format his USB everyday?

 We study English language once in a weak.

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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Note: In simple present tense when the subjects are singular
or third singular person verbs take S, es or ies at the end.
 Verbs take es when end with the following letters.

(Ch, Sh, O, X, Z, S, SS) = ES

Ex:
Ahmad Watches TV programs at home on Fridays.
He fixes his car at the workshop.
She teaches programming C++ at the Jahan university.
Ali goes to buy an external HDD for his classmates.
The honey bee buzzes.
He express his idea about new lesson.

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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Note: Verbs take just S when end with letter y and followed
by vowel letters .
Ex: Ahmad pays the bill.
He plays game at the lap top computer.
 Verbs end with Y and followed by consonant letter Y is
change into I and add es at the end of verbs.
Ex: He carries his equipment to the hotel.
She tries to learn English language.
Verbs do not end with these (s, ss, o, x,z, ch,sh) just add s
at the end.
Ex: she installs antivirus to his PC.

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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE USAGES
 It express an action which happen on a regular basis
everyday.
Ex: He works in a network devices factory.
Ali studies BCS at the Jahan university.
 It express daily routine of someone from morning to evening.

Ex: I get up at 04: 00 Am in the mornings.

He comes to university at 05: 00.
 To talk about repeated actions.

Ex: He always comes on time

 To talk about universal/ General truth.

Ex: Honestly is the best policy.

Allah is one.

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
 Shows an action which is going on at the present time.

 Structure:

 Subject + is/am/are + verb_ing + Complement

 Ex:

 We are studying tenses right now.

 I am speaking English language.

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Note: Adding ing at the end of verbs.

 Verbs ending in consonant letter and followed by vowel

letter double the consonant letter.

Ex: Run- running. Sit- sitting. Stop- sopping. Swim-

swimming.

Verbs ending with (IE) for adding ing delete E and change I
to Y.

Ex: Lie- lying, Tie- tying

Verbs ending with E for adding ing delete E.

Change- changing, type- typing. Create- creating

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE USAGES

 When the action is in process at the moment of speaking in

the present.
Ex: it is raining.
She is creating spreadsheet for class evaluation.
 When the action is in process in the present but not at the
moment of speaking.
Ex: He is studying at the Jahan university nowadays.
They are working at the AWCC company.
 We can use it for preplanned action which will be in process
according to the pre-decided planning.
Ex: The president is coming to Kabul city today.
They are going to USA next week.

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 10 WORD
Bite To cut with the teeth ‫خوله لګول‬ ‫نیش زدن‬

Blanket A cloth cover used to keep warm ‫كمپله‬ ‫پتو‬

Blind Not able to see ‫ړوند‬ ‫ کور‬،‫نابینا‬

Blow To move with force, as in air ‫بوكول‬ ‫دمیدن وزیدن هوا‬

Ballot A piece of paper used for voting ‫درايې كا غذ‬ ‫ورقۀ رایدهی‬

Battle A fight between opposing armed ‫جګړه‬ ‫نبرد‬

forces
Boil To heat a liquid until it becomes ‫اېشېدنه‬ ‫جوشاندن‬
very hot
Border A dividing line between nations ‫سرحد‬ ‫مرز‬

Barrier Anything that blocks or makes an ‫خنډ‬ ‫مانع‬

action difficult
Base A military center, to establish as a ‫اډه‬ ‫ پایگاه‬،‫اساس‬
fact
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COMPUTING ABBREVIATIONS:
• GPS: Global Positioning System

• GIS: Geographic information system.

• PIN: Personal Identification Number

• USB: Universal Serial Bus

• SQL: Structural Query Language

• PDF: Portable Document format

• VGA: Video Graphic Adapter.

• What are computer devices and their usages?

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 SUMMARY
 Simple present tense

 Present Continuous tense

 New vocabulary

 Computing abbreviations

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 THANKS
summary

 ANY?

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