CONTROL

&
INSTRUMENTATION
CAPTIVE POWER PLANT
Presented By
M.K.NATH
GET C&I
 WHAT IS AUTOMATION ?

• Automation is the use of electrical ,

hydraulic or pneumatic power to move
stage machinery. Effectiveness of any
automation system depends entirely on the
quality of its underlying
electrical,mechanical and control
engineering.
IMPORTANCE OF AUTOMATION

 Higher Production rates.

 Increased Productivity and Accuracy.
 More Efficient use of materials.
 Better product quality.
 Improved Safety.
 Reduced manual handling.
 Reduced factory lead time.
 TYPES OF SIGNALS USED

 Analog Signal .
Current Signal (4-20) mA,
Voltage Signal 24 Volts DC
 Digital Signal.
Voltage Signal ( 0-24 ) Volts.
CONCEPT REGARDING INPUT &
OUTPUT SIGNALS
SIGNAL FLOW
 PROCESS PARAMETER

• TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
• LEVEL MEASUREMENT
• FLOW MEASUREMENT
• PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Criteria For Selecting An Instrument
 Parameter to be measured.
 Range of parameter to be measured.
 Describe area classification:
Nonhazardous, hazardous or corrosive.
 Type of medium whose parameter is to be
measured.
 Precision of the instrument.
 Mounting arrangement of instrument as per
field requirement.
 Selection of instrument depending upon
physical parameter such as
temperature,pressure,moisture etc.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

 We are having two categories of

temperature Low & High .
 Low Temperature(0-300 0C) we use RTD
Pt100 .
 High Temperature(Above 300 0C) we use
Thermocouple.
RTD ( Resistance Temperature Detector)
• Resistance temperature detectors (RTD’s) operate on
the inherent propensity of metals to exhibit a change
in electrical resistance as a result of a change in
temperature.
• RTD’s are manufactured from metals whose
resistance increases with temperature. Within a
limited temperature range, this resistivity increases
linearly with temperature:
Rt = R0 [1 + a (t – t 0 )]    
Where:-
Rt = resistivity at temperature, t
Ro = resistivity at a standard temperature, t 0
a = temperature coefficient of resistance (°C –1 )
• R t = R 0 (1 + At + Bt 2)
• The coefficients for platinum RTD’s according
to the IEC 751-2 (ITS90) Standard are:
A = 3.9083 3 10 –3 C –1
B = –5.775 3 10 –7 C –2
 THERMOCOUPLES
 Thermocouples consist essentially of two strips
or wires made of different metals and joined at
one end. Changes in the temperature at that
juncture induce a change in electromotive force
(emf) between the other ends. As temperature
goes up, this output emf of the thermocouple
rises, though not necessarily linearly .
• Mostly we are using K-Type(Chromel & Alu
mel) with temperature range of -270 to 1350
0C And S-Type (Platinum 90%& Platinum-

Rhodium 10%) with temperature range –50 to

1750 0C.
THERMOCOUPLE CIRCUIT
 Thermocouples Used in our Plant

• Industrial thermocouples
utilize heavy duty
features ranging from
metal jacketed lead wire,
metal heads, wire over
braiding, ceramic
sleeving, and other
rugged designs to
enable use in
industrial/continuous
use environments.
Ultrasonic Method Of Level Measurement
RF Capacitance Method
Level Measurement Of Open Tank
Differential Pressure Level Measurement
 FLOW MEASUREMENT

 Magnetic Flow meters .

 Turbine Flow meters.
 Positive displacement Flow meters.
 Vortex Type Flow meters.
 Ultrasonic Type Flow meters.
 Electromagnetic Type Flow meters.
 Rotameter Type Flow meters.
 Venturi Type Flow meters.
Magnetic Flow meters
Turbine Flow meters
Ultrasonic Flow meters (Transit Time
Ultrasonic)
Ultrasonic Flow meters (Doppler Ultrasonic)
Differential Pressure Flow meters
Capacitance Pressure Transducer
Potentiometric Pressure Transducer
THANKS FOR THE
OPPURTUNITY
ANY QUESTIONS
PLEASE