RESEARC

H
INSTRUME
NT
Research Instrument
-tool being used by the researcher in gathering
data necessary to answer the research questions
Important things to consider:
1. Appropriateness-alignment with the purpose
of the study/ research questions
2. Description of the instrument-who
constructed, contents/ areas to be covered ,
procedure on how the instrument was
constructed, how many items
3. Adequate information on the validity of the
instrument
As the researcher,
decide on the following:
1. Develop one yourself - identify the purpose
of the instrument, review the literature,
write the questions, and test the questions
with individuals /ask experts to validate
2. Locate one and modify it-locate an existing
instrument, obtain permission to change it,
and make changes in it to fit your
requirements
3. Locate one and use it in its entirety-obtain
permission from the original author
Note: Validity index required
How to construct:
1. Start with the theory/ concept
2. Purpose
3. Instruction
4. Formulate the questions
a. Decide on the format, No. of items
b. Questions must be aligned with the
research questions
c. Responses must be aligned with the
premise
TITLE:
Teaching Subjects Teachers
aren’t Prepared for: Voices
of SHS Teachers Handling
Courses Outside Their Fields
of Specialization
Objectives:
1. To assess the knowledge of SHS
teachers on content and content
delivery of the subject being handled
outside their specialization
2. To determine the challenges being
faced by SHS handling subjects
outside their specialization
3. To compare the results in qualitative
and quantitative results
Design:
Convergent Parallel Design
Quantitative
Data Collection
and Analysis
(Self-
Compare Interpret
Assessment
or Relate
Survey)

Qualitative Data
Collection and
Analysis
(FGD/KII and
Classroom
Observation)
According to Shulman (1986) content knowledge of
teachers can be categorized into three (3): subject
matter content knowledge, pedagogical content
knowledge and curricular content knowledge.
Please assess yourself on how knowledgeable you
are on the subject being handled in the Senior High
School. Respond on how you rate yourself by ticking
(/) your answer using the scale:

4-Very Good
3-Good
2-Poor
1-Very Poor
ITEMS Essential Useful but Unnecessar
not essential y
A. Subject Matter Content
Knowledge
1. Providing in-depth
explanations of the topic
2. Giving clear examples
and offering guided
practice
3. Engaging students in
authentic learning
4. Asking questions and
providing problem solving
activities to develop
HOTS of students
5. Communicating and
presenting materials
clearly
ITEM Essential Useful but Unnecessar
not essential y
B. Pedagogical Content
Knowledge
1. Choosing appropriate
pedagogical strategies
that can best present the
topic
2. Adjusting the delivery
and pacing of the lesson
in response to student
cues
3. Utilizing varied strategies
in delivering the content
4. Teaching students to
reflect on learning
progress.
5. Utilizing the appropriate
instructional material /s
in the delivery of content
Interview Questions
1. What subject/s do you teach in your
present class/ classes?
2. Do you enjoy teaching this/ these
subject/?
3. What made you not enjoy teaching
this/ these subject/s?
4. Do you mean you are handling subject
outside your specialization?
5. What do you think is/ are the reason/s
you are asked to handle this subject/s?
Interview Questions
6. How did you react when your school head
assign you to teach the subject?
7. How confident are you in teaching the
subject/s?
8. In what areas do you feel comfortable in
teaching the subject?
9. How about the areas you feel
uncomfortable in teaching the subject?
10. Are there instance/s you encounter a
problem/ problems while inside the
classroom teaching the subject?
Interview Questions
6. Would you like to share it?
7. How did you solve the problem?
8. How would you compare you experience in
teaching subject within your specialization
and outside your specialization?
9. What strategies do you employ to cope up
with the challenges you encounter in
handling subject outside your
specialization?
10. What recommendations can you suggest in
this situation?