MECH1200

Electric Motors

Presentation:
Group members:
Fasih uddin ahmed
2210-2018
M.Fayyaz 1895-2018

Teacher :
Eng. Asad Ali
 MECH1200
Electric Motors
AC Motors
• AC current reverses direction
• Two parts: stator and rotor
• Stator: stationary electrical component
• Rotor: rotates the motor shaft

• Two types
• Synchronous motor
• Induction motor
 MECH1200
Electric Motors AC Motors
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Electric Motors
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Electric Motors
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Electric Motors AC – Induction motor

• Most common motors in industry

• Advantages:
• Simple design
• Inexpensive
• High power to weight ratio
• Easy to maintain
• Direct connection to AC power
source
 MECH1200
Electric Motors AC – Induction motor

How induction motors work

• Electricity supplied to stator
• Magnetic field generated that moves
around rotor Electromagnetics

• Current induced in rotor

• Rotor produces
second magnetic
field that opposes
stator magnetic Rotor

field Stator

• Rotor begins to
rotate
 MECH1200
Electric Motors AC – Induction motor

• Single-phase induction motor

• One stator winding
• Single-phase power supply
• Squirrel cage rotor
• Require device to start motor
• Up to 3 to 4 HP
• Household appliances: fans, washing
machines, dryers
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Shaded-pole motor

• The shaded pole delays

the creation of the
magnetic field in that
portion of the stator
poles.
• This produces a magnetic
field
in the shaded portion that
is approximately 90° apart
from
the magnetic field
produced in the main
portion of the pole.
• Considered a
nonreversible motor.
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Three Types of Capacitor
Start Motors

1. Capacitor Start (disconnects

capacitor after motor speed picks
up)

2. Capacitor Run (Keeps the capacitor

connected during the operation of
the motor, in order to keep the
electric power consumption low)

3. Capacitor Start-Run (uses two

capacitors, one for starting and one
for running. This further improves
Power Consumption)
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Capacitor-start motor

• Start circuit has:

– Centrifugal switch
– Start winding
– Start capacitor
• This produces higher
starting torque.
• Run winding
• Reverse direction of
rotation by
interchanging run
winding or start
winding connections
(preferred).
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Capacitor-run motor

• The capacitor shifts the

phase on one of the
windings so that the
voltage across the
winding is at 90° from the
other winding
• Run capacitor produces
higher running torque.
• Start winding stays as
part of the circuit
• Run winding
• Reverse direction of
rotation
by interchanging run
winding or start winding
connections (preferred).
Electric Motors Capacitor-start/capacitor-MECH1200
run motor
• Start circuit:
– Start winding
– Centrifugal switch
– Start capacitor
• Larger value produces higher
starting torque.
• Run winding
• Run capacitor
– Smaller value produces
higher running torque.
• Reverse direction of
rotation by interchanging
run winding or start
winding connections
(preferred).
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Capacitor start-run
reverse connections
 MECH1200
Electric Motors What are Poles in a Motor?

• Winding(s) which produce the

magnetic field(s) necessary to cause
the rotor to turn.

3 Phase; 2 Pole Motor

 MECH1200
Electric Motors Synchronous motor
Three-Phase Motors
• Parts
– Rotor with
single winding
– Slip rings and
brushes
– Three-phase
stator
windings
 MECH1200
Electric Motors AC - Synchronous motor

• Constant speed fixed by system

frequency
• Used where there is a need to
improve the power factor
• Synchronous speed (Ns):of the voltage
120 * F F = frequency
NS  source supplied
P P = number of poles

Torque ( ft  lbs) * Speed ( RPM )

Power( HP) 
5252
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Synchronous speed

P 50 Hz 60 Hz
2 3000 3600
4 1500 1800
6 1000 1200
8 750 900
10 600 720
12 500 600
 MECH1200
Electric Motors AC – Induction motor

• Three-phase induction motor

• Three-phase supply produces
magnetic field
• Squirrel cage or wound rotor
• Self-starting
• High power capabilities
• Fractional to 100’s of HP
• Applications: pumps, compressors,
conveyor belts, grinders
• 70% of motors in industry!
 MECH1200
Electric Motors
AC – Induction motor
Components
• Rotor
• Squirrel cage:
conducting bars
in parallel slots
• Wound rotor: 3-
phase, double-layer,
distributed winding
• Stator
• Stampings with slots to carry 3-phase
windings
• Wound for definite number of poles
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Reversing Direction of a 3 Phase Motor

C
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Squirrel-cage induction
motor
• Parts:
– Rotor
– Stator
• The squirrel-cage
induction motor is
considered to be a
fixed-speed motor.
 MECH1200
Electric Motors AC – Induction motor

Speed and slip

• Motor never runs at synchronous
speed but lower actual rotor speed
• Difference is “slip”
• Install slip ring to avoid this
• Calculate % slip:

NS  NR
% Slip  * 100 Ns = synchronous speed in RPM
NS NR = rotor speed in RPM
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Wound-rotor induction
motor
• The rotor contains
windings.
• Slip rings and brushes
provide an electrical
connection to the rotor
windings.
• The wound-rotor
induction motor is
considered to be a
variable-speed motor.
• Initial cost is higher
and maintenance costs
are higher than for a
squirrel-cage induction
motor.
 MECH1200
Electric Motors Summary

• DC motors are:
– permanent magnet
– series-wound,
– shunt-wound,
– compound-wound
• AC single phase motors are:
– the shaded-pole,
– split-phase,
– capacitor-start,
– capacitor-run,
– capacitor-start/ capacitor-run