Patent analysis with SPSS

Professor Carlos Hernandez

PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL PERÚ

ICSSA 2020
April 29
Agenda
• Introduction to the cell phone industry.
• Patenting as an indicator of R&D activity
• Analysis with SPSS

• The revised case has been taken as it is a case to which we are all
linked in some way, everyone uses cell phones.

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Evolution of radiotelephony to cellular telephony.
Year Important facts
1919 Ship-to-shore radiotelephones
1945 AT&T announces car radio phone
1947 Donald H. Ring presented the idea of cellular telephony at AT&T
1947 At Bell Labs they invent the transistor
1958 BellSystems Requests FCC 75MHz of 800MHz Spectrum
1958 In different laboratories they invent and improve the integrated circuit
1960 Memory chips are manufactured and sold commercially
1968 Bands allocated for mobile phones were insufficient
1969 Mobile phone system installed on the Metroliner
1971 Intel Releases First Microprocessor 4004
1973 Motorola Showcases First Handheld Cell Phone
1978 AT&T begins testing a cellular vehicle network in Chicago
1983 AT&T begins providing AMPS service
1983 Motorola installs DynaTac in Washington D.C. and Baltimore.
Source: KEITH (2004b) & FARLEY (2005)

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Cell phone technologies.
• The systems of the early years were analog
• 1989 Telecommunications Industry Association Time Division
Multiple Access (TDMA)
• 1991 Groupe Spéciale Mobile (GSM) European standard
• 1995 Qualcomm Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
• GSM, CDMA and Motorola's iDEN system
• 2G, 3G, 5G, 6G, …

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Cell lines in the world
6,000.00

5,000.00

4,000.00

3,000.00
Millones de líneas celulares

2,000.00

1,000.00

-
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: UIT

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

State of cellular telephony worldwide
90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0
Por cada 100 habitantes

50.0
Subscripciones de celulares
Usuarios de Internet
40.0
Líneas telefónicas fijas

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: UIT (2011)

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Cell phone market distribution
Company 2005 2006 2007 Q3-2008 Q3-2009 Q3-2010 Q1-2011

Nokia 31.80% 34.10% 38.60% 39.40% 36.50% 32.40% 29.20%

Samsung 12.30% 11.60% 14.70% 17.30% 20.30% 21.00% 18.80%
LG Electronics 6.60% 6.30% 7.60% 7.70% 10.60% 8.30% 6.60%
Apple 2.50% 4.10% 5.00%
ZTE 4.10%
Motorola 17.50% 21.30% 12.80% 8.50%
Sony Ericsson 6.10% 7.30% 8.90% 8.60%
R.I.M. 2.90% 3.60%
Others 25.60% 19.40% 17.40% 18.50% 27.20% 30.50% 36.30%

Source: IDC

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Advantages of searching for information in patents:

• The availability of data in very long time series.

• Patent data covers virtually all fields of technology
• Information on the type of technology, the inventor and reference
markets.
• Available computer databases.
• A detailed classification.
• The statistical treatment of patent data can be considered error-free.

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Disadvantages of seeking information in patents:

• Not all inventions are patented.

• The role of patents is not the same for all companies.
• There are differences in the behavior of patenting in all sectors, the
patent institutions of each country, the markets, types of inventors and
companies.

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

 International Patent Classification
• Class A: human needs.
• Class B: various industrial techniques, transportation.
• Class C: chemical, metallurgical.
• Class D: textiles, paper.
• Class E: fixed constructions.
• Class F: mechanics, lighting; heating; armament; blasting.
• Class G: physics.
• Class H: electricity.

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Casos
• NOKIA
• HUWAWEI
• ZTE

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

H04W Wireless Communications Networks
900

800

700

600

500
NOKIA
HUAWEI
400 ZTE

300

200

100

0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: WIPO

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

NOKIA, HUAWEI and ZTE patenting activity

3500

3000

2500

#REF!
2000
HUAWEI
#REF!
NOKIA
1500
#REF!
ZTE

1000

500

0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: WIPO

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Economic results

2007
2008
2009
2010

-5,000,000 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000

Source: Plunkett Research

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Subclasses patenting
H04L

H04W

H04B
2011
2010
G06F
2009
2008
H04M 2007
2006
2005
H04Q 2004
2003
2002
H04N 2001

H04J

G10L

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Source: WIPO

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Main subclasses in which there are patents in the sector

H04L TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION

H04W WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
H04B TRANSMISSION
G06F PROCESSING OF ELECTRICAL DIGITAL DATA
H04M TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS
H04Q SELECTION
H04N TRANSMISSION OF IMAGES
H04J MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATIONS
G10L ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS OF THE VOICE; VOICE RECOGNITION; ANALYSIS OR
TREATMENT OF AUDIO SIGNALS

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Correspondence analysis 2001

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Correspondence analysis 2005

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Correspondence analysis 2010

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

Conclusions:
• R&D (patenting) indicators can be used to find trends in economic
performance and which companies are following the market leader.

• By doing a study with more specific levels of patent classification we

can describe more detailed characteristics that will be incorporated in
the products in the future.

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS

References:
Intellectual property (IP) statistics and analysis
http://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/intellectual-property-statistics-and-analysis.htm

WIPO Patent SCOPE

https://patentscope.wipo.int/

International Patent Classification (IPC)

https://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/en/

PATENT ANALYSIS WITH SPSS