Derivation of Hydraulic Diffusivity Equation

Hydraulic Diffusivity Equation

 The ideal reservoir model
• Assumptions used
– Slightly compressible liquid
– Radial flow
– Isothermal flow
– Single phase flow
• Physical laws used
– Continuity equations (mass balance)
– Flow laws (Darcy’s law)
Darcy and Practical units
• Hydraulic diffusivity equation determines the
velocity at which pressure waves propagate in
the reservoir.
• The more the permeability the faster the
pressure wave will propagate.
• Refer to the extra page given
 Solution to diffusivity equation
• Initial and Boundary conditions for radial
flow in a circular reservoir

• Initial condition
Boundary conditions
• nential integral is defined as
•Where
  the exponential integral is defined as
• Where the
 Values for Ei function

• Refer to the extra page provided

Infinite cylindrical reservoir with line-source well
(approximate solution)
the exponential-integral solution or the line-
source solution
Dimensionless Variables
Infinite cylindrical reservoir with line-
source well
 7
Ei-function
6 Log approximation

5
-Ei(-x)

0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
-x
Example
Solution
 Application of Drawdown Test
• Estimation of Permeability
 Skin effect
 When a well is drilled it is always necessary to have
a positive pressure differential acting from a
wellbore to prevent inflow of reservoir fluids
 Due to this, drilling fluids penetrate the formation
and can reduce permeability and creating a
damaged zone
 Skin effect
Inner BC

well
Damaged zone
Un-invaded zone
Example of skin types
Types of Damage
Skin estimate (I)
Skin estimate (II)
Estimation of permeability and skin
Semi-log Pressure Drawdown Data
Example
Transient flow
•   After a wellbore effect ceases, the well begins to
•
behave as if was placed in an infinite acting reservoir.
Under this condition, the fundamental solution is
valid.
 In dimension, exponential solution

𝟐
  𝟕𝟎 . 𝟔 𝒒𝑩 𝝁 𝟗𝟒𝟖 𝝁 𝝓 𝒄𝒕 𝒓
𝒑𝒘𝒇 = 𝒑𝒊+
𝒌𝒉 (
𝑬𝒊 −
𝒌𝒕 )

 In dimension, logarithmic solution

•Transient
  flow
 In dimensionless form
 Exponential solution

 logarithmic solution
Pseudo-Steady state flow
•  
Pseudo-steady state flow
 After infinite acting reservoir, it comes a period during
which the influence for the neighobouring wells,
reservoir boundaries, extension of drainage area and
faults are felt.

 In this situation the well is producing long enough to

reach all the boundaries of the entire drainage area

 During this stage

•Pseudo-steady
  state flow
• Differential equation of pseudo steady state is;

• The solution to the radial diffusivity equation for a

well centered in a cylindrical drainage area and
producing at constant rate is
•Pseudo-steady
  state flow
• Another form of solution equation to PSS flow
involves replacing original reservoir pressure,
pi, with average pressure

• The volumetric average pressure within the

drainage volume of the well can be found
from compresibity definition.

• Substituting in differential equation the time-

dependent terms cancel, and the result is
•Pseudo-steady
  state flow
• Futhermore, time derivative of PSS
solution equation

• Gives
•Pseudo-steady
  state flow
• In form of pore volume

• This show that

• This lead to a kind of test named as reservoir limit

test which estimate the reservoir pore volume
Pseudo-steady state flow
 Pseudo steady state occur regardless of the

geometry of the reservoir

 Ramey and Cobb -1971 introduces a shape factor

(CA) to have a general equation for all geometries

 The shape factor designed to account for deviation

of the drainage area from ideal circular form

 It
also account for a location of a well within the
drainage area
•  
Pseudo-steady state flow

 Introduce the shape factor (CA), to obtaine the

equation with generalized shape of drainage area
To account for skin
In summary
Effective flow parameters
Deliverability equation and productivity index