Maslow’s Hierarchy

 Each individual has needs, or feelings of

deficiency that drive their behavior
 Once a need is satisficed, then it is no longer
motivating
 Needs are in a hierarchy that an individual
moves up as they satisfy levels of needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy

Self-
Actualization

Esteem

Affiliation

Security

Physiological

Adapted from Figure 14.2

 Levels of Needs
 Physiological/Survival needs
 Food, Clothing, Shelter, Air
 Security
 Feel safe, absence of pain, threat, or illness
 Affiliation
 friendship, company, love, belonging
 first clear step up from physical needs
 Need levels (cont.)
 Esteem Needs
 self-respect, achievement, recognition, prestige
 cues a persons worth
 Self-Actualization
 personal growth, self-fulfillment, realization of full
potential
 Where are YOU on the hierarchy???
 Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory

Maintenance or Hygiene factors:

 Necessary to maintain a reasonable level of
satisfaction.

Motivators or Satisfiers:
 When present cause high levels of motivation
 Even if these factors are not present they do
not lead to strong dissatisfaction.
 Maintanence or Hygiene Factors
Herzberg concluded that there were 10
maintenance factors namely
1. Fair company policies and administration
2. A supervisor who knows the work
3. A good relationship with one's supervisor
4. A good relationship with one's peers
5. A good relationship with one's subordinates
6. A fair salary.
7. Job security
 Maintanence or Hygiene Factors
contd..
8. Personal life
9. Good working conditions
10. Status
 Motivators or Satisfiers
To build high levels of motivation a different set of
factors is necessary.
1. Opportunities to accomplish something
significant
2. Recognition for significant accomplishment
3. Chance for advancement
4. Opportunity to grow and develop on the job
5. Chance for increased responsibility
6. The job itself.
Intrinsic Rewards

- Motivators are job centered

- They relate directly to the content of the job itself
- They are called intrinsic rewards.
- They are internally created by task itself & are
not tangible and visible to others.
Extrinsic Rewards:

 Maintenance factors relate more to the

conditions & environment in which the work is
done.
 These are called extrinsic rewards.
 Extrinsic rewards are distributed by other people
and are tangible and visible to others
 COMMUNICATION

Exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or
emotions

Sum of all things one person does to create
understanding in the minds of another.

Process of passing info' & understanding

Proper understanding of info' is very important. If
not the purpose of communication is defeated.
Leading to confusion, chaos and ineficiency.

Correct interpretation & understanding of
information

It is not to get something off the mind of person
transmitting it, but to get something into the mind
of person receiving it.
 Importance of Communication

Classicists ignored the importance of
communication-believed bussiness unit was only
technical and formal structure.

As a result of Howthwares exp after thirties it
was realized that every organisation is a social
structure involving interaction of people working
at diff levels and proper comm among them is
necessary

It is basis to an organisations existence

If comm stops organised action comes to an
end.
 Purpose of Communication

Needed in recruitment process to persuade
potential employees.

The recruits are told about companies
organisation structure, policies and practices.

Needed in the area of orientation to make people
acquaited with peers, superiors and with
companies rules and regulations.

Needed to enable employees to perform their
functions effectively. Knowledge about their jobs
make it easy for them to identify with
organisational mission
 Purpose of Communication cont..

Needed to acquaint the subordinates with
evaluation of their contribution. Its matter of
motivational imp for subordinates to know from
superior how they stand and future prospects.

This appraisal if intelligently carried out, boosts
the subordinates morale and help them in
bulding their careers.

Comm is needed to teach abt personal safety on
job. Essential to reduce accidents, lower
compensation, decrease recruitment and training
cost for replacement.

Vital importance in projecting the image of an
enterprise in the society
 Purpose of Communication cont..

Helps in achieving coordination

Promotes cooperation and industial peace

Increases managerial efficiency

An effective system of comm is very essential for
the efficiency of a manager. Benjamin Balinsky
has rightly remarked that, “if there is any
shortcut to executive effectiveness, it is the
mastery of the art of face to face
communication”.