“Verily,

Allah has prescribed  excellence
in  all things ...”  

Al-Hadith [Muhammad (peace be upon him )]

 (Cited in Forty Ahadith of Al-Nawawi) 

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 Introduction to
Mechanical
Engineering (ME 100)

Chapter: 8
Mechanical Design
Engr. Inam Ul Haq Raja 2
 Learning Objectives
• Outline major steps involved in a Mechanical design
process
• Recognize the importance of team work, collaboration,
and technical communication in engineering
• Be familiar with some of the processes and machine
tools used in manufacturing
• Understand how patents are used to protect a newly
developed technology in the business side of
engineering
• Describe the role played by computer-aided
engineering tools in linking mechanical design,
analysis, and manufacturing 3
 Design
Process

Manufacturing
Sciences
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 Overview
• Studied Elements of ME:-
– Forces in Structures and Machines
– Materials and Stresses
– Fluids Engineering
– Thermal and Energy Systems
• Set in place a Foundation for you to bring ideas
to reality in a more effective and systematic
manner
• Product Development Process

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 Overview

• Begin with discussion of High Level Steps

required to transform a new idea into reality
• Once details of the Product have been
worked out, hardware needs to be built
economically
• We need to specify how the Product will be
fabricated
• Getting patents for inventions

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 High Level Design

Creativity

Mechanical
Design

Simplicity Iteration

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High Level Design
Define Requirements

Generate Concepts

Narrow down Options

Develop Detailed Design

Analyze
Iterate
Build Prototypes

Test

Document Final Design 8

Iterative Process
 Manufacturing Processes
۞Manufacturing technologies are economically
important as they add value to raw materials by
converting them into useful products
۞Different manufacturing processes are available
۞Each well suited to a particular need based on
environmental impact, dimensional accuracy,
material properties, and parts’ shape
۞Select processes, identify machines and tools,
and monitor production to ensure that the final
product meets its specifications
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 Manufacturing Processes

• Casting is the
process whereby
liquid metal, such as
gray iron, aluminum,
or bronze, is poured
into a mold, cooled,
and solidified

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 Manufacturing Processes

 Forging encompasses a
family of techniques
whereby a raw material is
shaped by stretching,
bending, or compression.
Large forces are applied
to plastically deform a
material into its new
permanent shape

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 Manufacturing Processes

• Machining refers to
processes where a sharp
metal tool removes
material by cutting it. The
most common machining
methods are drilling,
sawing, milling, and
turning

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 Manufacturing Processes

• Joining operations are used

to assemble subcomponents
into a final product by
welding, soldering, riveting,
bolting, or adhesively
bonding them. Many bicycle
frames, for instance, are
welded together from
individual pieces of metal
tubing
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 Manufacturing Processes

• Finishing steps are taken

to treat a component’s
surface to make it harder,
improve its appearance,
or protect it from the
environment. Some
processes include
polishing, electroplating,
anodizing, and painting

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 Machine Tools
• Drill Press

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 Machine Tools
• Drill Press
• Band Saw

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 Machine Tools
• Drill Press
• Band Saw
• Lathe Machine

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 Machine Tools
• Drill Press
• Band Saw
• Lathe Machine
• Milling Machine

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 Machine Tools
• Drill Press
• Band Saw
• Lathe Machine
• Milling Machine
• CNC Milling

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 Patents in Engineering
 Key aspect of the business side of engineering, provide
legal protection for the inventors of new technology
 One aspect of intellectual property
 Granted for a new and useful process, machine, article of
manufacture, or composition of matter or for an improvement
of them
 Agreements between an inventor and a national government
 An inventor is granted the legal right to exclude others from
making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing an
invention
 In exchange, the inventor agrees to disclose and explain the
invention to the general public in the written document called
a patent
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 Patents in Engineering
 A patent is a monopoly on the new technology that expires
after certain number of years; duration depends on the type
of patent issued and the nation issuing it –In Pakistan it is
issued for 20 years
 Patents stimulate corporate research and product
development as they provide a financial incentive for
innovation
 The patents office was an attached department of Ministry
of Industries & Production established in 1948 under the
provision of section 55 of the Patents & Designs Act 1911.
Act was amended as Patents Ordinance 2002 & Designs
Ordinance, 2000
 The Patents Office currently is a part of IPO Pakistan
(Intellectual Property Organization) under Cabinet Division22
 Computer Aided
Engineering (CAE)
 Discussed as one of mechanical engineering’s top ten
achievements
 Mechanical engineers apply computer-aided engineering
software in their everyday work of solving technical problems
 By creating and revising designs digitally and by simulating
the performance of those designs virtually before hardware
is ever built, engineers have greater confidence that their
products will perform as expected
 Design automation reduces the amount of routine work that
an engineer must perform, so that efforts can be focused
more on creative problem solving
 From design to Analysis to Manufacturing
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 Conclusion
Creative process behind mechanical design cannot be
set forth fully in one chapter—or even in one textbook
This material as a starting point, you can continue to
develop design skills and hands-on experience
throughout your professional career
Design as compromise between conflicting
requirements
Introduced a basic design process and some issues
that guide how a new product is designed,
manufactured, and ultimately protected in the
business environment through patents
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Thanks!

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