Ch:5

NUMBER SYTEMS

Created by
SAUD AHMED SHEIKH
Decimal Number System
The number system that we use in our day-to-day life
is the decimal number system. The Decimal Number
System has base 10. It uses digits from 0 to 9 OR
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 after that 10 comes after 9.
 Binary System
The binary number system is a numbering system that
represents numeric values using two unique digits (0 and 1).
Mostly computing devices use binary numbering to
represent electronic circuit voltage state, (i.e., on/off switch),
which considers 0 voltage input as off and 1 input as on.

This is also known as the base-2 number system, or the

binary numbering system.
From here, there are no more symbols. We do not go
to 2 because in binary, a 2 doesn't exist. Instead, we
use 10. In a binary system, 10 is equal to 2 in decimal.
 Octal Number Systems
Octal is another number system with less symbols to use
than our conventional number system. Octal is Base Eight
meaning eight symbols are used to represent all the
quantities. They are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. When we count
up one from the 7, we need a new placement to represent
what we call 8 since an 8 doesn't exist in Octal. So, after 7 is
10. The number after 17 is 20 and so on.
 Hexadecimal Number System
The hexadecimal system is Base Sixteen. As its base implies,
this number system uses sixteen symbols to represent
numbers. Unlike binary and octal, hexadecimal has six
additional symbols. But what comes after 9? 10 is not a single
digit but two… Fortunately, the convention is that once
additional symbols are needed beyond the normal ten,
letters are to be used. So, in hexadecimal, the total list of
symbols to use is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
In a digital display, the numbers B and D are lowercase.
 Continue…
When counting in hexadecimal, you count 0, 1, 2, and so on.
However, when you reach 9, you go directly to A. Then, you
count B, C, D, E, and F. But what is next? We are out of
symbols! When we run out of symbols, we create a new digit
placement and move on. So after F is 10. You count further
until you reach 19. After 19, the next number is 1A. This goes
on forever.
Interconversion
1. Decimal to Binary
2. Binary to Decimal
3. Hexadecimal to Binary
4. Binary to Hexadecimal
5. Octal to Binary
6. Binary to Octal
7. Decimal to Octal
8. Octal to Decimal
9. Hexadecimal to Decimal
10. Decimal to Hexadecimal
1’s Complement
In this term we just exchange all the zeroes “0’s” into
ones and all the ones “1’s” into zeroes.
2’s Complement
It has two steps
1. First we find the 1’st complement of the given
number.
2. We add “1” in the 1st complement of the number.