Adani Public School

Nanakapaya, Mundra
2020 – 2021
Science (Class 10)

Chapter No.6
Life Processes
 You are expected to know:

 What are life processes?

 Nutrition - Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

 Photosynthesis

 Nutrition in Animals and Human Beings

 Respiration

 Mechanism of Breathing

 Transportation of materials in Human Being

 Transportation of materials in Plants

 Excretion in Plants, Animals and Human Being

Life Processes:
 Life processes are the basic functions performed by living
organisms to survive on earth.
 There are six life processes that all living organisms perform. They
are movement, respiration, growth, reproduction, excretion and
nutrition. 
What is nutrition?

The process of intake of nutrients or molecules for the growth and

development of body and to obtain energy is known as nutrition.
Autotrophic Nutrition:

Synthesis of food by photosynthesis- ‘photo’ means light and

‘synthesis’ means production. It is the production of food with
the help of sunlight.
 Events/ Steps of Photosynthesis:

 Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.

 Conversion of light energy to chemical energy & Splitting of water

molecule into Hydrogen & oxygen.

 Reduction of Carbon dioxide to Carbohydrate.

Cross section of a leaf : NCERT text book Page No. 96
Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata:

NCERT text book Page No. 97

Stomata are pores surrounded by guard cells.  
Heterotrophic Nutrition:

1
•Holozoic

2
•Parasitic

3
•Saprophyte
Steps in the process of nutrition in animals:

Ingestion
Digestion

Absorption

Assimilation
Egestion
Nutrition in Amoeba:
Amoeba is a unicellular animal
living in water. It takes in food
by forming finger like
projections called pseudopodia
and forms a food vacuole.
Inside the food vacuole the food
is digested and absorbed. The
undigested food is then sent out
through the surface of the cell.
Human Digestive System:
 Substance Acted
Digestive Juice Source Product
Upon
Salivary Glands Complex Sugar
Amylase Starch
and Pancreas (Maltose)

Pepsin (Split
Hydrochloric Acid Gastric Glands Pepsinogen (Proteins)
Proteins)
Bile Liver Fats Emulsified Fats
Peptides &
Proteinase Pancreas Proteins & Split Proteins
Polypeptides
Lipase Pancreas Fats Fatty Acids

Complex Sugars Simple Sugar

Carbohydrase Intestinal Glands (Maltose, Sucrose & (Glucose, Fructose &
Lactose) Galactose)

Peptidase Intestinal Glands Peptides and Polypeptides Amino Acids

Respiration:
Respiration is a process in which glucose is broken down with
the help of oxygen and energy is released along with the
production of carbon dioxide and water.
It is of two types that are aerobic and anaerobic.
Human Respiratory System:
Transportation:
 The circulatory system is responsible for transport of various
substances in human beings. It is composed of the heart, arteries,
veins and blood capillaries. Blood plays the role of the carrier of
substances.
Schematic sectional view of the human heart:
(NCERT text book Page No.106)
Double Circulation:
In the human heart, blood passes through the heart twice in one
cardiac cycle. This type of circulation is called double circulation.
One complete heartbeat in which all the chambers of the heart
contract and relax once is called cardiac cycle. The heart beats about
72 times per minute in a normal adult. In one cardiac cycle, the heart
pumps out 70 ml blood and thus, about 4900 ml blood in a minute.
Double circulation ensures complete segregation of oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood which is necessary for optimum energy
production in warm-blooded animals.
Schematic representation of transport and exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide: (NCERT text book page number -106)
Transportation in Plants: Plants have specialized vascular tissues for
transportation of substances. There are two types of vascular tissues in
plants.

Xylem: Xylem is responsible for transportation of water and minerals.

It is composed of trachids, xylem vessels, xylem parenchyma and
xylem fibre carry water and minerals from the leaves to the other part
of the plant.

Phloem: Phloem is responsible for transportation of food. Phloem is

composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and
bast fibers. Sieve tubes are the conducting elements in phloem.
Carries product of photosynthesis from roots to other part of the plant.
Excretion in Human Beings:
Removal of harmful waste from the body is called excretion.
Many wastes are produced during various metabolic activities.
These need to be removed in time because their accumulation in the
body can be harmful and even lethal for an organism.

Human Excretory System:

The human excretory system is composed of a pair of kidneys.
A tube, called ureter, comes out of each kidney and goes to the
urinary bladder.
Urine is collected in the urinary bladder, from where it is expelled out
through urethra as and when required.
Excretory system of human beings includes :

A pair of
A pair of A urinary uretar
kidney bladder
A urethrea
NCERT text book page number- 110
NCERT text book Page No. - 111
Structure of Nephron:
Nephron:
It is composed of a tangled mess of tubes and a filtering part, called
glomerulus.
The glomerulus is a network of blood capillaries to which renal
artery is attached.

The artery which takes blood to the glomerulus is called afferent

arteriole and the one receiving blood from the glomerulus is called
efferent arteriole.

The glomerulus is enclosed in a capsule like portion, called

bowman’s capsule. The bowman’s capsule extends into a fine tube
which is highly coiled.

Tubes from various nephrons converge into collecting duct, which

finally goes to the ureter.
Excretion in Plants:

Other wastes may be stored in leaves, bark etc. which fall off from
the plant.
Plants excrete some waste into the soil around them.

Gums, resin → In old xylem