RGMCET – NANDYAL

Presented by :

R SATISH KUMAR

1
 Recap

In the previous period, We have discussed..

• Direct and indirect resistance heating.

2
 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this topic ,you would be able to know

• Different heating methods temperature control of resistance.

3
 TEMPERATURE CONTROL METHODS
Temperature control of resistance heating

By varying supply By varying Periodically switching on

voltage resistance & off of the power supply.

By variable
By Auto-T/F By series
supply
or Induction impedance
regulator
By varying By changing
the number of the
heating arrangement
elements & heating
elements.

4
 BY VARIABLE SUPPLY VOLTAGE

• If the furnace has separate generating set for electric

power supply, then variable voltage can be generated and

supplied to the furnace depending upon the temperature.

• Voltage can be variable.

• This is usually employed for large capacity furnace.

5
 BY AUTO-TRANSFORMER OR
INDUCTION REGULATOR

V1=Primary side supply voltage.

V2=Secondary output voltage.
I1=Primary current
I2=Secondary current.
By changing position of the tap the voltage supplied to
heating element will change and accordingly the
temperature. 6
 BY SERIES IMPEDANCE

Fig.3
• A variable impedance will be connected in series with the
furnace.
• A part of voltage drop across the impedance included and
the remaining voltage appears across the furnace .
• Due to inclusion of impedance of the coil,the power factor
reduces.
• A capacitor is connected across the supply to improve the
power factor i.e., Dotted Lines. 7
 BY VARYING THE NUMBER OF
HEATING ELEMENTS

Fig.4
• In this method the number of elements are changed
by operating the switches.
• if the supply is reduced to all/few elements, the
temperature also reduces and vice-versa.
8
 BY CHANGING THE ARRANGEMENT
OF HEATING ELEMENTS.

Four parallel paths Two parallel paths one parallel path

Fig.5
9
 IF THREE-PHASE SYSTEM

Connected in star Connected in delta

Fig.6

Three phase Star connection.

The same elements each phase changed from STAR to
DELTA
10
 PERIODICALLY / INTERMITTENT ON / OFF

Final temperature α Time interval the switch remains ON

Total time interval of the ON/OFF cycle.

• The ON and OFF arrangement can be had by a thermostat

switch.
• Which switches ON and OFF the supply at predetermined
temperatures.
• Final temperature attained is proportional to ratio.
• The method is more efficient than series impedance
method.

11
 QUIZ

1. When four elements connected in parallel produce

heat energy equal to the furnace. If the same four
elements are arranged in two paths then the head
produced will be__________ that of the rated value.

a. Half

b. One-fourth

c. One-sixteenth

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 SUMMARY

We have discussed

• methods of temperature control of resistance heating

13
 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

1) Mention the methods of controlling the temperature in

resistance heating.

2) Explain the Auto T/F method of controlling the temperature.

3) Explain the method of controlling the temperature by varying

the number of elements ?

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