RGMCET- NANDYAL

Presented by

R SATISH KUMAR

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 Classification of Electric Heating

Electric Heating
Power Frequency heating High Frequency Heating
Resistance Heating Induction Heating

Direct R.H direct core type I.H

Indirect R.H Coreless type I.H

Arc heating Dielectric Heating

Direct A.H
Indirect A.H

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 RESISTANCE HEATING
When current passes through a resistance ,Power loss takes
place there in ,which appears in the form of heat.
Electrical energy converted into heat energy.
H = I2Rt.
Power loss = I2R (in watt) = VI Watt = V2/R watt
R=Resistance of the element (Ω)
V=Voltage (Volt), I=Current (ampere)
The loss of energy takes place only in transferring heat
from element to charge or load.

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DIRECT RESISTANCE HEATING

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 DIRECT RESISTANCE HEATING

• In this method of heating, current is passed through the

material or charge to be heated.
• Charge is considered in a furnace and two electrodes or
three electrodes for 3 phase are immersed in the charge.
• The resistance offered by the charge to the flow of
current causes power loss I2R and it results in the
heating of the charge.

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 APPLICATION
This method of heating is used in:

• Resistance welding

• The electrode boiler for heating water

• Salt bath furnace which is used for hardening steel

tools and prevents oxidation.

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INDIRECT RESISTANCE HEATING

Fig. 2
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 INDIRECT RESISTANCE HEATING

• In this method of heating, current is passed through a

high resistance wire known as heating element.
• The heating element can be placed above or below the
furnace/charge.
• Charge will enclose the heating element for efficient heat
transfer.
• The heat produced in the element is transferred to the
charge by radiation or convection methods.
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 APPLICATION

This method of heating is used in:

• Room heaters

• Bimetallic strip used in starters.

• Water heater i.e. immersion heater

• Ovens like domestic cooking.

• Salt bath furnace.

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 ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE

Production of Electric arc:

•The electric supply given to two electrodes is increased and are
separated in air from each other.
•The air gets ionized at high voltage gradient and becomes a
good conductor of electricity.
• Current jumps through the air gap in the form of arc.
• Once the arc is produced, small voltage is sufficient to maintain
it.
• Without high voltage also Arc can be established by short
circuit the two electrodes and then withdrawing them apart.
• The temperature of the Arc developed will be around 35000C.
There are two types of electric Arc Furnaces

i. Direct Arc furnace

ii. Indirect Arc furnace.

 DIRECT ARC FURNACE
Two electrode arc furnace

• When A.C. supply given to two electrodes.

• Arc is established and current passes through the charges.
• Heat is developed due to radiation from Arc.
• The striving action is inherent due to electromagnetic force setup
by the current.
• Hence heating of charge is uniform.
• 3Φ supply is used for large capacity furnace.
 Single Electrode Arc furnace

• One electrode is used.

• 1Φ supply given between electrode and bottom of furnace.
• Arc is developed in between electrode & charge.
• It is called single-phase direct Arc furnace or baby Arc
furnace.’
• It will be used in R & D or pilot production plants.
INDIRECT ARC FURNACE
• The Arc exists between two electrodes.
• Heat developed in the charge is by the radiation.
• The temperature of the charge is lower than direct Arc
furnace.
• Current does not flow through charge. Hence no
inherent stirring action.
• So, the furnace must be rocked vibrating or tilting by
mechanically.
• It is called as a rocking Arc furnace also.
• The furnace made of cylindered or spherical shape.
• Rocking action is operated by an Electric motor.

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 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

1) Classify the different methods of electric heating ?

2) What is resistance heating ?

3) Explain direct resistance heating method with a neat

sketch ?

4) Explain Indirect resistance heating with neat diagram ?

5) Explain the applications of Direct resistance and

Indirect resistance heating ?

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