Do Now: Imagine you are a new cast member on the

show “Survivor” ….according to the rules you are

allowed to bring three items of your choice. What
would you bring and why?
 What is Biology ?

• The study of Living Things

• Bio = life
logy = knowledge
(study of)
How to Study Biology ?
• So many new words !
– know some common prefix and suffix
– eg. photosynthesis
• photo = light
• synthesis = to combine together
• ∴ to combine some elements together by
using the energy from sunlight
 Organism
Any living thing that carries out life processes
Ex. Plants, humans, bacteria, mold

Life Processes/ Life functions

Activities that are carried out by an organism that

enable it to survive.
 8 Life Functions
1. Nutrition

3. Transport
2. Respiration
4. Excretion
5. Regulation
6. Reproduction**
7. Growth
8. Synthesis
 DO NOW:
• List the life functions and Describe a system or
structure in your body that performs or assists
you to perform this process.
 1. Nutrition
The process in which food is obtained and
processed (modified) into nutrients, for
Energy
Growth and Repair.

Four Steps

1. Ingestion - The process of taking in food

 2. Digestion -Process of breaking down
food into nutrients

3. Absorption -Process of nutrients being

absorbed into the bloodstream
from the digestive system

4. Egestion -Process of removing solid

wastes (undigested food) in
the form of feces
 2. Respiration
The process in which chemical energy is
released from the organic material
(nutrients) found within the organism
___________
with the help of inorganic substances
____________.
(oxygen)
 Glucose
+ Oxygen

Energy
+ Water
+
Carbon
Dioxide
 Two types of Nutrition
Heterotrophic nutrition = organism
cannot make it’s own food
• Example – animals
Autotrophic nutrition = organisms make
their own food
PLANTS= photosynthesis
 Nutrition involves these activities by
which organisms ….
1. Remove cellular waste products
2. Obtain and process materials needed for
other life activities
3. Exchange gases with their environment
4. Absorb and circulate materials
 Respiration is best described as a
process by which….
1. Necessary nutrients are circulated
2. Hydrogen is used to synthesis glucose
3. Metabolic wastes are absorbed
4. Chemical energy is converted into a usable
form
 The absorption of fluids by various
cells of the body is part of life
function known as
1. Excretion
2. Transport
3. Respiration
4. Growth
3. Transport Movement of materials
through the body &
within a cell
4. Excretion Removal of cellular
WASTES
Cellular wastes are by-
products of metabolic
activities (life processes)
performed by the cells within
an organism
Examples:
urea
water
Carbon dioxide
salt
5. Regulation
The process in which all of the
organism's life activities are
controlled and coordinated to
maintain equilibrium
6.Reproduction • Production of new
individuals
• As an individual, a
living thing doesn’t
have to reproduce for
individual survival
BUT must in order to
have species survival
 7. Growth
Process in which there is an increase in cell
number NOT size (cell division)
 AIM:
How does
our
metabolism
enable us to
live?
 8 Life Functions
1. Nutrition

3. Circulation
2. Respiration
4. Excretion
5. Regulation
6. Reproduction**
7. Growth
8. Synthesis
8. Synthesis
The process in which the
body naturally creates
substances by combining
small molecules to create
larger molecules.
 Is the set of chemical reactions (life
processes) that occur in living organisms
in order to maintain life
Specific proteins in the body control metabolism.

Metabolism is a constant process that begins when we're

conceived and ends when we die. It is a vital process for
all life forms. If metabolism stops, a living thing dies.
 refers to the body's ability to regulate its
internal physiology to maintain stability in
response to fluctuations in the outside
environment

Balanced internal
environment

A.D.A.M.
 Homeostasis
• Constant Balance, Steady State or
Dynamic Equilibrium

• Ability of an organism to “maintains it’s

internal environment while responding to
external environmental factors
– Temp increase or decrease
– Starve a fever feed a cold!
 Which process removes the process
of urea in the blood stream of
humans?
1. Excretion
2. Egestion
3. Digestion
4. Synthesis
 Organisms that obtain and ingest
organic molecules for their nutrition
are classified as

1. autotrophs
2. producers
3. algae
4. heterotrophs
 Which process includes all three?
1. Synthesis
2. Metabolism
3. Excretion
4. Nutrition
Homeostatic regulation of the body Is
made possible through coordination
of all body systems.
This coordination is achieved mainly by…
1. Respiratory and reproductive systems
2. Skeletal and excretory systems
3. Nervous and endocrine systems
4. Circulatory and digestive systems
 Which situation is not an example of
the maintenance of a dynamic
equilibrium in an organism?
1. Guard cells contribute to the regulation of
water content in a geranium plant.
2. Water passes into an animal cell causing it to
swell.
3. The release of insulin lowers the blood sugar
level in a human after eating a big meal.
4. A runner perspires while running a race on a
hot summer day.
How does metabolism enable
us to live?
THE END