Alternative And Complementary

Therapies

Presented By-
1
Ashi Sharma
Medical Surgical Nursing

(MSc. 1st year)

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2 INTRODUCTION
Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) includes
various healing process and therapies that originate from
around that are not based on conventional western
medicines, these therapies are called alternative medicines.

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3 ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS OF HEALTH
Health as a balance body systems Physical, Emotional and
Spiritual Environment involving the whole patient approach to
holistic.
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
Complementary and alternative medicine is a group of diverse
medical and health care system, practices and products that are
not generally considered part of conventional medicine.

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4 REASONS TO USE ALTERNATIVE AND
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES:

 Poor prognosis
 Focus of care is comfort not cure
 Desire to be more active in one’s own health care
 Reduce side effects of treatment
 Reduce side effects of disease
 Desire to cover all the options
 Suggestions be family, friends and society

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5  Philosophical or cultural orientation
 Less expensive than conventional medicine
 Dissatisfaction with or loss of trust in conventional medicine
 Desire to treat the disease in a natural way
 Decrease the feelings of hopelessness and helplessness
 Improve the immune system
 Improve the quality of life

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6 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY
AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPY

1. Whole medical system

2. Mind-body interventions
3. Biologically based therapies
4. Manipulative and body-based methods
5. Energy therapies

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7 1.Whole medical system
Alternative medical system involves complete methods of health-
relative theory and practice that have been developed within a specific
culture.
It includes the following:
 Ayurveda
 Traditional chinese medicine (TCM)
 Unani
 Siddha
 Homeopathy
 Naturopathy

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8  Ayurveda

 It is a system of traditional medicine native to India and practiced in

other parts of the world as a form of alternative medicine.
 In Sanskrit, the word Ayurveda consists of the words ‘AYUSH’,
meaning ‘Longevity’, and ‘Veda’, meaning ‘related to knowledge’
or ‘Science’. Evolving throughout its history, Ayurveda remains and
influential system of medicine in South Asia.
 Its focus is on the balance of mind, body and spirit.

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9  Interventions used include diet, medicinal herds, detoxification, breathing
exercises, meditation and yoga.
 Ayurveda stresses the use of plant-based medicines and treatments.
Hundreds of plant-based medicines are employed, including cardamom
and cinnamon.

Unani
Unani medicine based on the Greece philosophy. According to basic
principles of Unani, the body is made up of four basic elements i.e. earth,
air, water, fire which have different temperatures, i.e. cold, hot, wet, dry.
Treatment depend upon the Temperature, hereditary effect, sign and
symptoms, external observation, examination of pulse, urine and stool.

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10  Traditional Chinese medication
 It is one of the most comprehensive medical system. Practitioners of
TCM view human beings in terms of five dimensions. These include
Qi [energy resulting from interaction between Yin(cold, heavy,
moist, and negative) and Yang (hot, dry, light and positive)], jing
(genetic material of physical body), shen (spirit), blood and yin ye
fluids (lubricates the organs).
 Additionally, the body is considered to be a series of energetic
pathways known as meridian system.
 Specific points along the pathways referred to as acupoints.
Treatment includes acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicines, diet,
physical therapy, exercise and meditation. The most commonly used
is acupuncture.
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11
Acupuncture
It is an alternative medicine that treats patients by insertion and
manipulation of needles in the body.
There are numerous theories about how acupuncture works;
 Its stimulates the release of pain-relieving endorphins.
 It influences the release of neurotransmitters.
 It influences the autonomic nervous system.
 It stimulate circulation.
 It influences the electrical currents of the body.

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12 Acupressure
 Is a form of healing in which the therapist exerts finger pressure on
specific sides.
 Underlying acupressure there are 657 designated points which can
be massaged.
 The application of finger or thumb pressure is thought to restore
balance in the flow of energy and when energy can flow freely, the
body can heal itself.
 Used both to diagnose and treat ailments.

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13  Homeopathy
 Derived from greed word homeo –similar and pathos means
suffering.
 Homeopathic medicines consists of plants, animals & minerals
extracts that are diluted in water or alcohol and vigorously shaken.
 According to this theory, the right medicinal substance for a
particular set of symptoms is the one that naturally produces those
symptoms in healthy people.
 Use of dilution methods.

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14  Siddha
 Siddha medicine is a form of medical treatment of disease using
substances of all possible origins in a way that balance the possible
harmful effect of substance.
 Siddha medicine was developed by outstanding dravidians (ancient
tamils), locally called cittars.
 Preparations are made mainly out of the parts and trees such as
leaves, bark, stem, root, etc., but include also mineral and some
animal substances.

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15  Naturopathy
 Based on concepts that (treat the cause rather than effect)
 Avoid use of medicine.
 Focus on nutrition (natural foods), light, warmth ,massage,
fresh air, regular exercise, hydrotherapy.

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16 2. Mind Body Interventions
Used to enhance the mind’s capacity to affect bodily function
and symptoms

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17  Meditation
 Meditation is a technique used to quiet the mind and focus
it in the present and to release fears, worries, anxieties,
and doubts (past ,future).
 It is an self directed practice for relaxing the body and
calming the mind using focused rhythmic breathing.
 Improves stress related illness & breathing patterns
Types-
I. concentrative meditation
II. mindfulness/opening up meditation.
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18  Relaxation therapy
State of generalized decreased cognitive, physiological, & behavioral
arousal.
There are two types of relaxation therapy i.e. Progressive relaxation and
Passive relaxation
Progressive Relaxation- Requires that client tense & then relax
successive muscle groups e.g.- use of slow, deep abdominal breathing
while tightening and relaxing an ordered succession of muscle groups
Passive Relaxation- Involves teaching individual to relax passively the
muscle groups i.e. without actively contracting the muscles e.g. slow deep
abdominal breathing while letting go of muscle tension during expiration.

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19  Imagery
A technique of using the imagination to visualize a soothing, pleasant image.
Benefits of this technique include; decreased physical tension, decreased
anxiety, and decreasing the adverse effects of chemotherapy.
 Biofeedback
It helps the client to control the physiological functions that are most difficult
to control
e.g. in stroke patients muscle recovery.
It involves measuring a person’s bodily processes using machinery that
translates physiological functions into audio or video signals conveying that
information to him in a real time in order to raise his awareness or conscience
of the related physiological functions.
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20  Hypnosis
The earliest definition of hypnosis was given by Braid, who coined the term
“hypnotism” as an abbreviation for “neurohypnotism”, or nervous sleep, which
he opposed to normal sleep, and defined as; “a peculiar condition of the
nervous system, induced by a fixed and abstracted attention of the mental and
visual eye, on one object, not of an exciting nature.

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21 Uses Of Hypnosis
 Pain management
 Anesthesia
 Skin disease
 Habit control
 Quit smoking
 Weight loss
 Sports performance

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22  Yoga
Derived from Sanskrit word: Yuj- to unite or to control. An Indian practice that
includes postures (asana), breathing exercises (pranayama), and cleansing practices
(kriyas). Yoga is an ancient Indian practice using physical postures to obtain a
harmony of mind, body and spirit.
How does it work:
 Increased oxygenation of the blood
 Muscle toning throughout the body
 A clearer and more relaxed mind
 Improved posture
 Improved circulation of blood and lymph
 Regulation of bodily functions

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23  Aromatherapy
Based on premise that odors stimulate the limbic system help control pain &
stress. Aroma therapy is the controlled use of essentials oils for specific
measurable outcomes. The essential oil used in aromatherapy are distilled from
flowers , roots, barks, leaves, wood resins and lemon or orange rinds.
Oil can be massaged in to the body, applied as hot or cold compress added to
water or inhaled. Aromas are detected by olfactory receptor , stimuli travel
along nerves to brain where they play a role in emotions , memory & a variety
of body functions.
Some selected oils – lavender (relief from headache stress, insomnia,
peppermint (relief from nausea),sandalwood (dry skin, depression,
bronchitis),geranium (mood modifier)

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24 3. Biological Based Therapies
Use substances found in nature such as herbs, foods and vitamins .Use of other
so called natural but as yet scientifically unproven therapies.

 Diet therapy
According to this therapy, the food must be taken in natural form. Fresh
seasonal fruits, fresh green leafy vegetables and sprouts are excellent. These
diets are broadly classified into three types which are follows:

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25 Eliminative Diet- liquids-lemon, citric juices, tender coconut water, vegetable
soups, butter-milk, wheat grass juices etc.
Soothing Diet- Fruits, salads, boiled/steamed vegetables, sprouts, vegetable
chutney etc.
Constructive Diet- wholesome flour, unpolished rice, little pulses, sprouts,
curd etc.
Macrobiotic diet- Predominantly a vegan diet (no animal products except
fish). Initially used in the management of a variety of cancers. Emphasis
placed on whole cereal grains, vegetables and unprocessed foods.
Orthomolecular diet- Increased intake of nutrients such as Vitamin C and
beta carotene. Diet used in treatment of cancer, schizophrenia and certain
chronic diseases such as hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease.

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26  Ayurvedic Herbs
Traditional Hindu system of herbs used for over 2000 years. The herbal products
are used in the form of powder, tonic etc.
Some common herbal remedies include the following:
 Garlic
 Peppermint
Phytochemicals: these are non-nutritive. Physiologically active compounds
present in plants in very small amounts. They project against cancer and prevent
heart disease, stroke and cataracts. Main source for phytochemicals is fruits and
vegetables.

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27 4. Manipulative and body-based methods
These methods use techniques of manipulating or moving various body parts to
achieve therapeutic outcomes.
 Chiropractic
Based on spinal manipulation. Assumption that maintaining the alignment of
the spine & joints facilitates the flow of energy through out the body.
Maintenance of self regulatory system of the body and focus on helping the
body to heal itself.
Chiropractors may use x-rays, visual inspection ,muscular strength and
weakness, range of motion & posture to assess the spine for mis- aligned
vertebra. Therapy focus on restoring structural and functional imbalances.

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28  Massage therapy
Benefits are categorized as physical , mental-emotional and spiritual.
Physically, massage relaxes muscles and releases lactic acid. It improve the
flow of blood and lymph, stretch joints, and relieve pain & congestion.
In mental-emotional area, massage relieve anxiety and provide relaxation.
Spiritually it provides a sense of harmony & balance.
Therapeutic massage-
The application of hand pressure and motion to improve the recipient’s well-
being.
A back rub or massage results in relaxation, increased circulation of the blood
and lymph, and relief from musculoskeletal stiffness, spasm, pain.

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29  Reflexology
 Based on the principle that hands and feet are mirrors of body and have
reflex points corresponding to body’s glands, structures, and organs.
 When a reflex area is massaged, it stimulates the corresponding organs in
that zone.
 Like other massage it can stimulates relaxation affecting autonomic
response which in turn affects the endocrine and immune systems.

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30 5. Energy Therapies
These are alternative therapies that involve the use of purported energy fields.
There are two main types-
Biofield therapies and bioelectromagnetic-based therapies.
 Biofield therapies –These affect energy fields that surround &
penetrate the human bodies e.g. – Reiki ,Therapeutic Touch.

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31 Non Contact Therapeutic Touch
Is a process by which practitioners can transmit energy to a person who is
ill or injured to potentiate the healing process. Based on concept that human
being is an energy field (human field) and this energy can be channeled
from one person to another.

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32 Reiki Therapy
In this therapy the practitioner places the hands on the client and energy flows
from one to the other. Performed using direct contact between the practitioner
and the client. Reiki can be performed from a distance. Benefits- purifies and
relaxes the body, releases stress, heals the body & mind.

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33  Bio electromagnetic based therapies
Involve the unconventional use of electromagnetic fields or alternating
current or direct current fields. It is a pseudoscientific alternative medicine
practice involving the use of static magnetic fields.
Practitioners claim that subjecting certain parts of body to magnetostatic field
produced by permanent magnets has beneficial health effects. These physical
or biological claims are unproven and no effects on health or healing have
been established.

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34 OTHER IMPORTANT MODALITIES-
HYDROTHERAPY- Hydro- and hydrothermal are traditional methods of
treatment used for treatment of disease and injury by many cultures. The healing
properties of hydrotherapy are based on its mechanical and/or thermal effects.
Generally, heat quiets and soothes the body, slowing down the activity of internal
organs. Cold stimulates and increases internal activity.
MUSIC THERAPY- It is concerned with systematic applications of music to
produce relaxation and desired changes in emotions, behaviour and physiology. It
healing effect on the entire human body, mind and spirit.

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35 PET THERAPY- Based on concept that animals provide a constant source of
comfort and focus for attention.
Pet ownership can reduce stress induced symptoms, add years to life, boost
peoples’ moods and enhance their social interaction.

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36 ART THERAPY- A form of expressive therapy that uses art materials, such as
paints, chalk and markers as primary mode of communication. Helps the client
to: Increase insight and judgment, Cope better with stress, Increase cognitive
abilities, Have better relationships with family and friends.
LAUGHTER THERAPY- Laughter is an audible expression or appearance of
an inward feeling of joy and pleasure (laughing on the inside).

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37 ROLE OF NURSE
 In interest of safe & effective practice, nurses are expected to maintain
current knowledge base and obtain ongoing education in areas of practice.
 In using any therapy a nurse must observe the Code of Professional
Conduct ,as well as the requirements of legislation.
 The informed consent of the individual or his /her guardian is essential prior
to the provision of any therapy.
 Nurses should participate actively in these modalities.
 Nurses should be encouraged enough to initiate & participate in outcome
based research.

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38  The practice of complementary therapies should be appropriately
documented.
 The practice of complementary therapy should be supported by
quality assurance activities.
 Nurses should know client religious & cultural view points so
that to determine which complementary therapies would be
more appropriate with client believes & values.

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39 Department Of Indian System Of Medicine And
Homeopathy
 Department of Indian system of medicine and homeopathy created in
March,1995.
 Re-named as department of Ayurveda, Yoga, and Naturopathy, Unani,
Siddha and Homeopathy (AUYSH) in November, 2003.
 Ayush under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.
 National medicinal plants board to promote cultivation of medical plants.
 A separate national policy on Indian system of medicine and homeopathy is
in place 2002.

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40 OBJECTIVES-
 To upgrade the educational standards in Ayush colleges in the country.
 To strengthen existing research institutions and ensure a time-bound research.
 To draw promotion, cultivation and regeneration of medical plants used in
these system.
 To ensure affordable AYUSH service and drugs with are safe and efficacious.
 To integrate AYUSH in health care delivery system and national programs.
 To create awareness about the strengths of these systems in India and abroad.
 To provide full opportunity for the growth and development of these systems.

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41 AYUSH
RESEARCH CONCILS-
 Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS)
 Alternative Modalities of Care and Complementary Therapies
 Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM)
 Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH)
 Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy (CCRYN)

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42 AYUSH AND NRHM (Mainstreaming AYUSH
under NRHM)
• Age-old acceptance and first line of treatment.
• Recognized system of medicine and integrate into the national health
delivery system.
• AYUSH medications included in the drug kit of ASHA, generic drugs for
common ailment at SC/PHC/CHC levels include AYUSH formulations.
• At CHC two rooms provided for AYUSH practitioner and pharmacist.
• Two doctor PHCS with AYUSH practitioner.
OBJECTIVE-
Mainstreaming of AYUSH in the health care service delivery system to
strengthen the existing public health system.
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43 STRATEGIES-
• Integrate and mainstream ISM and H in health care delivery system
including national programs.
• Encourage and facilitate setting up of specialty centers and ISM clinics.
• Facilitate and strengthen quality control laboratory.
• Strengthening Research Activities on AYUSH.
• Develop Advocacy for AYUSH.
• Establish sectoral Linkages for AYUSH Activities.

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44 ACTIVITIES-
• Availability of AYUSH faculties and integrating it with the existing Health Care
Service Delivery System.
• Integration of AYUSH services in CHC/PHC with appointment contractual AYUSH
Doctors.
• Appointment of a Data assistant to support the ISM and H Directorate.
• Strengthening of AYUSH dispensaries.
• Making provision for AYUSH drugs at all district hospitals.
• AYUSH doctors to be involved in all National Health Programs.
• Training of AYUSH doctors in PHC.
• All AYUSH institutions will be strengthened with necessary infrastructure.
• Block Level School Health Programs to be conducted twice in a year in two groups
consisting of 100 students in each group.
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45 Integration of AYUSH with ASHA-
• ASHA and ANMs training to be updated to incorporate AYUSH.
• Necessary training material to be modified and provide accordingly.
• Drug kit of ASHA will contain one AYUSH preparation
• But other drugs for treatment of common diseases, control of
communicable diseases, drugs promoting the maternal and child health and
improving quality of life could be included subsequently.

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46 Drug Management-
 Priority to manufacture of drugs in Govt. Sector Pharmacies. In case of any
surplus funds, drugs will be procured form the market observing all
financial formalities of the Government.
 Provision of ₹25,000/- to supply drugs per AYUSH dispensary has been
projected as per NRHM norm.
In India, at AIIMS now it is compulsory to follow these traditional alternative
therapies along with their western treatments.

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50 CONCLUSION-

We thus observe that the people are shifting their allegiance to the Indian
alternative therapies, because these therapies are natural and have no side-
effects. The western medicine has failed to deal with the chronic disease as well
as new, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Ancient therapies, by contrast , have
excellent record of curing the chronic disease that do not respond well to
western medicine.

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51 BIBLIOGRAPHY-

 Potter Perry. Fundamental of Nursing. Published by Elsevier, 7th edition.

2009;114,21.
 Barar NK, Rawat HC. Textbook of advance nursing practice. 1st edition. New
Delhi; Jaypee brothers medical publishers; 2005, 932-44.
 K Kittrell Chitty. Professional Nursing, 4th edition;36,48.
 Kozier. Fundamental of Nursing, 5th edition,18-21, 40-41.
 Ministry of AYUSH. https://www.Ayush.gov.in/
 https://www.altyrnativeandcomlementrysysyem-51227782.in/

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52

THANK YOU

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