Maintenance Engineering

(CH: 2,0)

Instructors: Dr. M. Zeeshan Zahir

Engr. Adnan Rasheed
MAINTENANCE TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
This section presents some terms and definitions directly or
indirectly used in engineering maintenance:
 
Maintenance: All actions appropriate for retaining an
item/part/equipment in, or restoring it to, a given condition.
 
Maintenance engineering: The activity of equipment/item
maintenance that develops concepts, criteria, and technical
requirements in conceptional and acquisition phases to be used
and maintained in a current status during the operating phase to
assure effective maintenance support of equipment.
 
Maintenance Management:   Maintenance management is the
collective term for describing the management process of
leadership and organization, planning and scheduling, preventive
maintenance, condition monitoring, execution of maintenance
repairs, recording, root cause failure analysis, spare parts
management, and management of technical data supporting the
processes above.
 
Preventive maintenance: All actions carried out on a planned,
periodic, and specific schedule to keep an item/equipment in
stated working condition through the process of checking and
reconditioning.

These actions are precautionary steps undertaken to forestall or

lower the probability of failures or an unacceptable level of
degradation in later service, rather than correcting them after they
occur.
 
 
Corrective maintenance: The unscheduled maintenance or repair
to return items/equipment to a defined state and carried out
because maintenance persons or users perceived deficiencies or
failures.
 
Predictive maintenance: The use of modern measurement and
signal processing methods to accurately diagnose item/equipment
condition during operation.

Maintenance concept: A statement of the overall concept of the

item/product specification or policy that controls the type of
maintenance action to be employed for the item under
consideration.
 Maintenance plan: A document that outlines the management
and technical procedure to be employed to maintain an item;
usually describes facilities, tools, schedules, and resources.

Reliability: The probability that an item will perform its stated

function satisfactorily for the desired period when used per the
specified conditions.
 
Maintainability: The probability that a failed item will be
restored to adequately working condition.

Active repair time: The component of downtime when repair

persons are active to effect a repair.
 

 
Mean time to repair (MTTR):

It is a basic measure of the maintainability of repairable items. It

represents the average time required to repair a failed component
or device.
 
Mean time to repair (MTTR) is a maintenance metric that
measures the average time required to troubleshoot and repair
failed equipment.

It reflects how quickly an organization can respond to unplanned

breakdowns and repair them.
MTTR calculates the period between the start of the incident and
the moment the system returns to production. This takes into
account the time to:

Notify technicians
Diagnose the issue
Fix the issue
Allow the equipment to cool down
Reassemble, align and calibrate the asset
Set up, test, and start up the asset for production

This metric does not take into account lead-time for parts.
How to calculate MTTR

Example: If you have spent 50 hours on unplanned maintenance for an

asset that has broken down eight times over the course of a year,

The mean time to repair would be 6.25 hours.

What is considered world-class MTTR is dependent on several factors,

like the type of asset, its criticality, and its age. However, a good rule of
thumb is an MTTR of under five hours.
 
Overhaul: A comprehensive inspection and restoration of an item
or a piece of equipment to an acceptable level at a durability time
or usage limit.
 
Quality: The degree to which an item, function, or process
satisfies requirements of customer and user.
 
Maintenance person: An individual who conducts preventive
maintenance and responds to a user’s service call to a repair
facility, and performs corrective maintenance on an item. Also
called custom engineer, service person, technician, field engineer,
mechanic, repair person, etc.

Inspection: The qualitative observation of an item’s performance

or condition.
 
Availability: The probability that an item is available for use
when required

Mission time: The time during which the item is carrying out its
assigned mission
 
Downtime: The total time during which the item is not in
satisfactory operating state
 
Logistic time: The portion of downtime occupied by the wait for
a required part or tool
 
Failure: The inability of an item to operate within the defined
guidelines
 
Serviceability: The degree of ease or difficulty with which an
item can be restored to its working condition
 
Redundancy: The existence of more than one means for
accomplishing a stated function

Failure mode: The abnormality of an item’s performance that

causes the item to be considered to have failed
 
Human reliability: The probability of accomplishing a task
successfully by humans at any required stage in the system
operation with a given minimum time limit (if the time
requirement is stated)
 
 
 
Useful life: The length of time a product operates within a
tolerable level of failure rate
 
Continuous task: A task that involves some kind of tracking
activity (e.g., monitoring a changing situation)

Human performance: A measure of human functions and

actions under some specified conditions
 
Active redundancy: A type of redundancy in which all
redundant units are functioning simultaneously
 
Human error: The failure to carry out a specified task (or the
performance of a forbidden action) that could result in disruption
of scheduled operations or damage to property or equipment