WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Honeybelle Gaitano
 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

•  infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and

distribution of water for homes, commercial establishments, industry, and 
irrigation, as well as for such public needs as firefighting and street flushing.
 People depend on water for drinking, cooking, washing, carrying away wastes,
and other domestic needs.
 DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER
TREATMENT

•  Sanskrit writings from as early as 2000 BCE tell how to purify foul water by

boiling and filtering. But it was not until the middle of the 19th century that a
direct link between polluted water and disease (cholera) was proved.
• Water treatment is the alteration of a water source in order to achieve a quality
that meets specified goals.
 SURFACE WATER SOURCES

• The total land area that contributes surface runoff to a river or lake is called a
watershed, drainage basin, or catchment area.
 GROUND WATER SOURCES

• Water is withdrawn from an aquifer by pumping it out of a well or infiltration

gallery.
 WATER TREATMENT

• Sedimentation
• In a treatment plant,
sedimentation (settling) tanks
are built to provide a few hours
of storage or detention time as
the water slowly flows from
tank inlet to outlet. 
 WATER TREATMENT

• Coagulation and Flocculation

• Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller
and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some
cases do not settle at all. Because of this, the
sedimentation step is usually preceded by a
chemical process known as coagulation. Chemicals
(coagulants) are added to the water to bring the
nonsettling particles together into larger, heavier
masses of solids called floc.
 WATER TREATMENT

• Filtration
•  Filtration is a physical process that removes these
impurities from water by percolating it downward
through a layer or bed of porous, granular material
such as sand.
 WATER DISTRIBUTION

• A water distribution system is a network of pumps,

pipelines, storage tanks, and other appurtenances. 
• Pipelines
• A water distribution pipeline must be able to resist
internal and external forces, as well as corrosion.
 WATER DISTRIBUTION

• Pumps
• Many kinds of pumps are used in distribution
systems. Pumps that lift surface water and move
it to a nearby treatment plant are called low-lift
pumps. These move large volumes of water at
relatively low discharge pressures. Pumps that
discharge treated water into arterial mains are
called high-lift pumps. These operate under
higher pressures. Pumps that increase the 
pressure within the distribution system or raise
water into an elevated storage tank are
called booster pumps. Well pumps lift water
from underground and discharge it directly into
a distribution system.
 WATER DISTRIBUTION

• Storage Tanks
• Distribution storage tanks, familiar sights in many 
communities, serve two basic purposes: equalizing storage
and emergency storage.