BREAST

CANCER
GROUP MEMBERS
• MEHAASHINIY DURAI RAJ

• HAZEL LEELA RICHARD

• THENMOLLY PASKARAN

• DIVITRA CHANDRAN

• KAANAGEVALLI SIVAKUMARAN
 What is breast cancer ?

Breast Cancer is a malignant

(cancerous) tumor that starts
in the cells of the breast.
 Causes of breast cancer
❶ Gene mutations in DNA within the cells
-Errors in the instructions can cause the cell to stop its
normal function and may allow a cell to become cancerous.
❷ Having your first child at an older age
-Women who give birth to their first child after age 30 may
have an increased risk of breast cancer
❸ Age
-Cancer can take decades to develop. That's why most
people diagnosed with cancer are 65 or older. While it's
more common in older adults, cancer isn't exclusively an
adult disease.Cancer can be diagnosed at any age.
❹ Being Female
- Women are much more likely than men are to develop breast cancer.
❺ Beginning your period at an younger age
-Beginning your period before age 12 increases your risk of breast
cancer.
❻ Beginning menopause at an older age
-If you began menopause at an older age, you're more likely to develop
breast cancer.
❼ Family History
-Doctors estimate that about 5 to 10 percent of breast cancers are
linked to gene mutations passed through generations of a family. If you
have a strong family history of breast cancer or other cancers, your
doctor may recommend a blood test to help identify specific mutations
in BRCA or other genes that are being passed through your family.
 Symptoms of breast cancer
• Swelling of all or part of a breast

• Skin irritation or dimpling (sometimes looking like an

orange peel)

• Breast or nipple pain

• Nipple retraction (turning inward)

• Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast

skin.
Images of symptoms of
breast cancer
Methods of diagnosis

• Breast Exam
• Mammograms
• Breast Ultrasound
• Breast MRI scan
• Biopsy
 Treatment for
breast cancer

• Local treatments
-Some treatments are local, meaning they treat the tumor without
affecting the rest of the body. Types of local therapy used for breast
cancer include surgery and radiation therapy.

• Systemic treatments
- Drugs used to treat breast cancer are considered systemic
therapies because they can reach cancer cells almost anywhere in
the body. They can be given by mouth or put directly into the
bloodstream. Depending on the type of breast cancer, different
types of drug treatment might be used such as chemotherapy,
radiotherapy and targeted therapy.
Images of breast cancer
Side effects from the treatment

Hair loss Headaches Heart problems

Blood clots Fatigue

Pain and
Numbness
 Staging of breast cancer
The (TNM) staging system

• (T) the tumor size and spread

• (N) Whether the cancer has spread to lymph nodes

• (M) Whether it has spread to distant organs

(metastasis)
Staging of breast cancer
Stage 0

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV
• Stage 0
~ Non-invasive breast cancer. Has not spread to breast
tissues.

• Stage I
~ Has spread for 2cm to the lymph nodes.

• Stage II
~ Has spread to the lymph nodes and causes clumps.

• Stage III
~ Causes swelling and has spread to chest and skin wall.

• Stage IV
~ Metastasized
 SURVIVAL RATES
STAGE 5-Year Relative Survival
Rate
100 %
0
I 100 %
II 93 %
III 72 %
IV 22 %
 Prevention

Practice a Avoid Be Control Don’t

healthy exposure to physically you smoke and
and radiation and active weight. consume
balanced environmental alcohol.
diet. pollution.
PINK RIBBON
Pink ribbon is an international symbol of
breast cancer awareness.

Expresses moral support for women with

breast cancer.

Pink ribbons are commonly seen during

National Breast Cancer Awareness Month.

October is known to be as the National Breast

Cancer Awareness Month.
THANK
YOU