DEGREE OF FREEDOM

PRESENTED BY:
ER. SAHIL SHARMA
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CONCEPT OF DEGREE OF FREEDOM

 VIDEO LINK:
https://youtu.be/kvG7OrjBirI
 DEGREE OF FREEDOM
When a mass is vibrating, its position in space can be described by six
co-ordinates:

a. Three translational along X,Y,Z axis

b. Three rotational about same axis.

 However a mass may have freedom to move only in certain direction

and may be constrained in other direction.

 The number of independent co-ordinates required to describe the

position of vibrating mass are termed as degree of freedom of that
mass.

 If it is represented by a single mass and it is constrained such that

on its motion is described by a single co-ordinate then it is termed
as single degree of freedom system.
 Example: single storey building.
MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM
 If more than one independent co-ordinate is
required to completely specify the position of
different masses of system at any instant of time,
then it is termed as multi degree of freedom
system.

 If 6 masses as the floor of six storeys buildings,

vibrating in one plane , six displacement for 6
masses will describe the deformed position of
structure, it would be termed as structure having
six degree of freedom system.
SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM
SYSTEM
Mathematical modelling of single degree of freedom
system:

To understand the dynamic behaviour of structured,

it is necessary to develop their models under the
influence of dynamic loads such as wind, blasts ,
earthquake, and heavy rotating machinery etc.

Let us consider a simple portal frame by drawing a

mathematical models, some assumptions are made
to simplify the analysis, they are following:
1. The total mass of a portal frame is assumed to act at
slab level. Since the masses of column are very les
as compared to that of slab i.e. masses of column
are ignored.

2. The beam/slab is assumed as infinitely rigid so that

stiffness of structure is provided only by column.

3. Since the beam are built monolithically with column,

the beam column joint can be assumed to be rigid.

The model resulting from all above assumptions is

called shear-building model.
 Portal frame under the influence of lateral
force f (t) can be represented mathematically
as the response of single degree of freedom
system.

 The parameters of mathematical models are

related to its prototype as mass (m)
represented with total mass of beam and
slab of frame.
THE PARAMETERS OF MATHEMATICAL
MODEL ARE RELATED TO ITS PROTOTYPE
AS

1. Mass (m) representing the total mass of beam

and slab of frame and inertial characteristic of
structure, energy stored by mass in form of
kinetic energy.

2. Stiffness of spring (k) represents the combined

stiffness of two columns for lateral deformation
that is elastic restoring force and it stores
potential energy due to columns.
3. Dashpot having damping coefficient (c)
represents the energy dissipation i.e. frictional
characteristics and energy losses of frame.

4. An excitation force F (t) representing the

external force applied on portal frame.

Considering equilibrium of all forces in x direction,

the governing equation of motion for single degree
of freedom system is:

F(t)-mx-cx-kx =0
REFERENCES:

 TEXT BOOK OF BASICS OF STRUCTURALK

DYNAMICS AND ASEISMIC DESIGN BY S.R.
DAODARASAMY AND S. KAVITHA