CHAPTER -1

Race and Ethnicity

 Race and Ethnicity
Academic focus: Sociology

■ Reading Assignment 1: Studying

Sociology for Breadth and Depth
■ Reading Assignment 2: Understanding
Race and Ethnicity
■ Reading Assignment 3: Life as an Alien
 How are the men(women) same (different)?
■ Group A

■ Group B

■ Group C
 Academic Word List (AWL)
1. Minority 12. Ethnicity
2. Sociologist 13. Traits
3. Aspect 14. traditionally
4. Military 15. Migration
5. Dominant 16. Accurately
6. Established 17. Data
7. Norms 18. Uniform
8. Structure 19. Categories
9. Majority 20. Available
10.Discrimination 21. Culture
11.Identified 22. Trends
 Academic Word List (AWL)
23. Comprise 36. Targeted
24. Diverse 37. Responded
25. Retain 38. Negative
26. Generation 39. Submission
29. Factors 40. Withdrawal
30. Participate 41. Status
31. Respond 42. Distinctive
32. Ranging 43. Process
33. Transferred 44. Acknowledges
34. Estate 45. Unique
35. Maintaining
o Reading for a Purpose

Previewing
Becoming a good reader means acquiring the skill that effective readers
have.
- To read selections more than one time
- Every time you read a selection, read for a different purposes
- Look for an overview of the topic, do not read it line by line.
- Try to understand the general subject area and main idea.
Studying Sociology for Breadth and Depth

A Dictionary Definition of Sociology

The study of human social behavior, specially the
study of the origins, organizations, institutions, and
development of human society.
 Demonstrating Comprehension
1. What is academic major?
a. It is a subject area of concentration for students
b. It is one of the distribution requirements.
c. It is a requirement to be completed before entering college.
d. It is all the distribution requirements together.
2. How do students gain depth of study in college?
e. By studying only subjects of personal interest.
f. By taking a number of distribution requirements.
g. By studying academic major.
h. By meeting all the requirements for entry into college.
3. Which of the following is an example of a subject that sociologists
might study?
a. The stages of child development.
b. The political systems of Asian countries.
c. Irish immigration to the US in the 1800s
d. Relationships within groups.
4. What was the purpose of this selection?
e. To introduce students to the subject of sociology.
f. To introduce students to American colleges and universities.
g. To explain how sociology can be studied for breadth and depth.
h. To convince students to major in sociology if they attend college
in the United States.
Writing short-answer responses

1. Use your own words to define depth and breadth of

academic study in colleges and universities.
2. Define distribution requirements, and give examples
of classes you might take from at least three areas of
study. You may want to look at a college catalog for
ideas
 Using a prereading strategy

Step 1: Read the headings and subheadings

Step 2: Read the first or last sentence of each of the three paragraphs

Step 3: Use any knowledge you have about the subject to help you
make predictions about the main idea of the paragraph
Reading Assignment 2:
Understanding Race and Ethnicity

Scanning
Scanning is a skill that readers use to find specific information quickly.
When readers scan, they look for the keywords or parts of the text that
stand out. Readers want to find out the key information for a specific
purpose. Sometimes readers just want to find a telephone number, for
example, and thus they look in a telephone book for just one number.
 Racial and Ethnic Minorities

I. Introduction
Human records speak of minorities and how they should be treated.
Sociologists have a view on this subject.
II. Dominant Groups
In the society, group of people that has the power – whose members include the
rulers, lawgivers, and religious, military and educational leaders – is the dominant
group. A nation’s history identifies its dominant group.
III. Minority groups
Groups in a society that have been overpowered by the dominant group-such as
American Indians in the US-or have come in after the dominant groups power is
established –immigrants in the US other than the English –make up minority
groups.
IV. Racial groups
The concept of race based on observable physical differences
among people resulting from inherited biological traits. It divides
people into groups based on skin color and ancestral origin.
V. Ethnic groups
While racial groups are based on physical characteristics,
ethnic groups are based on such cultural factors as national origin,
religion. Language, norms, and values.
 VI. Characteristics of Minority Groups
Sociologists identify minority groups by four characteristics, in
addition to their receiving unequal treatment in society.
a. Shared physical or Cultural Characteristics
b. Ascribed Statuses
c. Group Solidarity
d. Endogamy
VII. Patterns of Response and Repression
e. Forced Removal
f. Segregation
g. Subjugation
h. Annihilation
Minority groups have often responded to these three negative
forms of treatment in three ways.
a. Submission and Acceptance
b. Withdrawal
c. Agitation and Violence

VIII. Assimilation –Melting pot or Cultural Salad

d. The melting Pot
e. The salad Bowl
Understanding Patterns of Academic Writing:
Repetition, Explanation, and Extension
The authors of Introduction to Sociology use a pattern several times to introduce a
concept and then give an explanation about that concept. The pattern has two
sentences. In the first sentence, the authors introduce the concept; in the second
sentence, the authors use SYNONYMS and PRONOUNS to give more information
about the subject and the concept. The authors may also extend the concept with an
additional phrase.
The first sentence The second sentence
The dominant group It (The same topic)
establishes .v creates. v
 Summarazing What You Read

A written summary is a brief statement of the main points of a

longer reading. Summaries are used in academic work for many
purposes.
One use of summaries is to help you understand and remember
what you have read.
Keeping a Reading Journal
One of the best way to become more aware of your own learning is to keep a
reading journal.
As you work with this book, write the date every time in the journal.
Keep the following information in your reading journal:
• New words you have to learn, specially Academic Word List (AWL)
• Notes on organizational patterns that authors use
• Reading strategies that work for you. ( types of questions, what techniques
have you developed to learn and remember)
• Notes on learning preferences you may have, such as the right time and place
to read.
• Take notes on your reading speed and what kind information you should and
can read faster versus which material you need to read more carefully.
 Questions for Review
1. What is sociology?
- The study of the development, structure and functioning of
human society,
- The study of social problems
2. Define and contrast dominant group and minority groups.
Dominant group – the group of people in a society that has the
power.
Minority group - the group of people in a society that does not
have a power.
3. Define race as a sociologist perceives race?
Race is a way to describe differences between people based on inherited
physical characteristics and social perception
4. What is ethnicity (ethnic group) and its cultural factors?
Ethnic groups are based on cultural factors as national origin, religion,
language, norms, and values.
5. Four characteristics of minority groups?
a. Shared Physical or Cultural Characteristics (skin, hair, facial features)
b. Ascribed Statuses (People are born into the group;) It is not voluntary.
c. Group Solidarity (members of ethnic groups feel under the attack from the
dominant group)
d. Endogamy (members of a minority marry others from the same group).
 Reflections on Learning

■ What three strategies can you use to remember new

vocabulary?
■ What is the Academic Word List?
■ How can summarizing a textbook chapter help you
comprehend and remember the information in the
chapter?
■ Describe the process you follow when you read
academic reading?