Chapter One

Ratio and Proportion

Course: Business Mathematics

Course Code: BAMA 1101
Specialization: Common
Department of Business Studies
Outcome 1: Apply understanding of the concept of ratios
and proportions in business scenarios. ………………………….
Contents
- Ratio
 Introduction to Ratios
 Expressing Ratios
 Converting Ratios from fractions to decimals
- Proportion
 Direct and Inverse Proportion
- Application of ratio and proportion on business scenarios

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Essential Reading (the main textbook)
Slater, J (2003), Practical Business Math Procedures, 7 th Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin
Publications

Recommended Reading
ProQuest Resource
Provider: Saddleback College
Course Name: Pre-Algebra
URL: http://www.oercommons.org/courses/algebra2go-ratios-proportions-and-percents/view

Open Educational Resource

Provider: The Open University
Course Name: Ratio, proportion and percentage
URL: www.oercommons.org/courses/ratio-proportion-and-percentages/view

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Ratio

 Quantitative relationship between two quantities.

E.g. the ratio of 3 to 4 can be written as or 3:4

Suppose, there are 10 boys and 30 girls in a class, the ratio of

boys to girls can be expressed as

10 to 30, or 10:30

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Fractions
  fraction is a number that represent parts of a whole or
A
parts of a group. The denominator represents the total
number of equal parts the whole is divided into.

For example, 30 students registered in Business Mathematics

course. If the total number of boys in the class is 20, it can be
expressed as

The ratio between boys and girls in the class is 20:10, 20 to

10, or

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Type of Fractions
Proper Fractions
 
Improper Fractions
 

Has a value equal to 1, or

Has a value less than 1, greater than 1,
Numerator is smaller Numerator is equal to or
than its denominator greater than its denominator

Ex: Ex:

Mixed Fractions
 

Is the sum of a whole number

greater than zero and a proper
fraction.

Ex: 1 3
Proportion

 A proportion is an equation that equates two ratios

A proportion can also be written using colon notation like

this

a : b :: c : d

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Proportion
In a proportion the product of the means is equal to product
of the extremes.

10 : 20 = 5 : 10

20*5 = 100

10*10 = 100

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Remember..

Two quantities can be compared only if they are in the same

unit.

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Example
Abdullah takes 15 minutes to reach school from his house,
while Ahmed takes one hour to reach school from his house.

Find the ratio of the time taken by Abdulla to the time taken
by Ahmed.

Hint (In this case, the time taken by Abdullah is expressed in ‘minutes’ while
the time taken by Ahmed is expressed in ‘hour’)

To find the ratio, the units must be same.

The ratio is = 15 Minutes: 60 Minutes

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Video Tutorial

Introduction : Ratio, Fractions and Proportion

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt1jh3nXcRM

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Video Tutorial

Tutorial : Ratio and Proportions

URL:

http://www.oercommons.org/courses/algebra2go-ratios-
proportions-and-percents/view

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How to simplify ratios?

 
Suppose, there are 10 boys and 30 girls in a class, the ratio of
boys to girls can be expressed as

10 to 30, or 10:30

Steps to simplify

Divide both the numerator and denominator by the greatest

common factor (GCF). In this case, the GCF is 10.

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How to simplify ratios?

 
Suppose, there are 10 boys and 30 girls in a class, the ratio of
boys to girls can be expressed as

10 to 30, or 10:30

Steps to simplify:

Divide both the numerator and denominator by the greatest

common factor (GCF). In this case, the GCF is 10.

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Equivalent Fractions

 Equivalent fractions are fractions that have the same value.

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Example (1)
At a certain high school there are 425 female students and
375 male students.

a) What is the ratio of female students to male students?

b) Based on your reduced ratio in part a), theoretically in a

classroom of 32 students, how many should be female?

c) What is the ratio of female students to the total student

population.

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Answer
 a) Ratio of female students to male students

= 425:375

= 17:15

b) Number of female students in a class of 32 students

= 32 x ( )

= 17

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Answer
c) The ratio of female students to the total student population

Total number of students = 425+375 = 800

Number of female students = 425

Ratio of female students to total number of students

= 425:800

= 17:32

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Exercise (1)
Candice drove her hybrid vehicle 480 miles on 10 gallons of
gas. What is the ratio of miles to gallons for Candice’s hybrid?

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Exercise (2)
A friend is painting the inside walls of a garage. So far she has
used a 2 litre tin of emulsion paint and covered an area of 9
m2. She needs some more paint.

How much more would you advise her to purchase if she

intends to paint all the walls and ceiling, which is a total area
of 75 m2.

Refer: OER Source:

URL: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/mathematics-and-
statistics/mathematics-education/ratio-proportion-and-percentages/content-section-0

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Exercise (3)

Adam's grandfather ran a mile in minutes. Adam took 260

seconds. Which is greater, 260 seconds or minutes? Did
Adam run faster than his grandfather?

Refer: OER Source:

URL: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/mathematics-and-
statistics/mathematics-education/ratio-proportion-and-percentages/content-section-0

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Exercise (4)

A local shop sells ready-made custard at £1.45 for a special

offer pack of three 425 g tins. It also sells the same brand of
custard in 1 kg cartons costing £1.29 each. Which is the
better bargain?

Refer: OER Source:

URL: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/mathematics-and-
statistics/mathematics-education/ratio-proportion-and-percentages/content-section-0

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Exercise (5)

Ahmed earns RO 28,000 per month. His brother Saeed earns

RO 36,000 per month. Find the ratio of

(a) Ahmed’s earnings to their total earnings

(b) Saeed’s earnings to their total earnings

Refer: OER Source:

URL: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/mathematics-and-
statistics/mathematics-education/ratio-proportion-and-percentages/content-section-0

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Exercise (6)
  marketing team conducted a research in Muscat, to
A
identify the preference of customers towards various car
brands. of the people surveyed preferred Nissan, of the
people surveyed preferred Hyundai and the rest of the
people preferred Toyota. If the survey is conducted among
5,000 people, find out;

- The number of people who preferred Nissan

- The number of people who preferred Hyundai

- The number of people who preferred Toyota

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Exercise (7)
Three sales staff (A, B & C) sold a total of 12,000 units of a
product during March 2019. If the ratio of sales among the
three are in 2:3:5, how many units did each sell?

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Exercise (8)
Adil is preparing for a trip to UK. Before his trip, he
researched on the exchange rate between Omani Rial and
Pound Sterling (₤). He learned that 1 ₤ equals to RO 0.490.

1. How much will Adil receive if he exchange RO5,000 ?

2. How much ₤7,500 worth in RO?

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Exercise (9)
Identify the missing value.

1. 15 : 30 :: 50 : ?

2. 30 : ? :: 40 : 160

3. ? : 150 :: 300 : 900

4. 3 : 10 :: ? : 50

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Additional Exercise

Homework

Ratio https://
www.saddleback.edu/faculty/lperez/algebra2go/prealgebra/
ratios/ratiosHW.pdf

Proportion

https://
www.saddleback.edu/faculty/lperez/algebra2go/prealgebra/
ratios/proportionsHW.pdf
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Additional Exercise

Homework

http://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/feep108.pdf

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Reference
Books

1. Slater, J (2003), Practical Business Math Procedures, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin
Publications

2. NCERT (2018), Ratio and Proportion, Chapter 12, Available Online http://
www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/femh112.pdf

OER Resources

3. Course Name: Pre-Algebra, Saylor Founation, URL: http://

www.oercommons.org/courses/algebra2go-ratios-proportions-and-percents/view

4. Course Name: Ratio, proportion and percentage, The Open University, URL:
Www.oercommons.org/courses/ratio-proportion-and-percentages/view

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CONTACT INFORMATION:

Name of the Staff

Office: …..
Email: …..@hct.edu.om

VERSION HISTORY

Version No Date Approved Changes incorporated

01 Sem. (I) 2019/2020

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