Transformer emf

 Stationary Loop in Time-varying B Field (Transformer emf)

PHY2001 Applied Electromagnetics

  d  
Vemf   E  dl    B  dS
dt S
d  
dt S

d  
  B  dS    B  dS
dt

L S

  B 
Vemf   E  dl     dS
L S
t

  B 
 
S   E  dS  S t  dS

 B
 E  
t

 Maxwell’s equations for time-varying fields. Time varying E field is

not conservative.
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 Transformer emf

 B  Maxwell’s equations for time-varying fields.
PHY2001 Applied Electromagnetics

 E   Time varying E field is not conservative

t 
 E  0

• The work done in a taking charge

about closed path in a time-
varying electric field is due to the
energy from the time-varying
magnetic field

• The induced current I flows such

as to produce a magnetic field
that opposes the change in B(t)
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