TOPIC: THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS &

PROBLEMS.
SUB. TITLE THERMODYNAMICS

PRESENTED BY
G.BHAVANI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

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 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period, you would be able to know

Non-flow Energy Equation

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 RECAP
Second law of thermodynamics

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 Thermodynamic process

When a system changes its state from one state to another

state, then the path of successive states through which the
system has passed known as thermodynamic process.

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THERMODYNAMICS PROCESS
Thermodynamic ARE TWO
process
TYPES:

1. Flow process

2.Non-Flow process

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Example of Non-flow process

Fig 1 8
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 Non – Flow process
Example of Non-flow process

Cylinder System Piston

Cylinder fitted with moveable piston

Fig 2
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Example of Non-flow process
Fig 3
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Example of Non-flow process

Fig 4
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 NON – FLOW PROCESS

Non – Flow process occurring in closed system

A closed system can exchange energy in the form of heat and

work with its environment.

No mass transfer across the system boundary.

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Work done during a Non-Flow process

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 Work done
Atm P0V0T0
dx
P1V1T1
W

System Piston Cylinder

Work done during a Non-Flow process

Fig 5
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 Work done

The work done by the system

∂w = F dx = pA dx =pdv (dv = A dx)
Work done for Non-Flow process from sate 1to2
2

W1-2= W = 1∫p dv
Work done by system taken +ve while done on the system is
considered as -ve

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 NON – FLOW
ENERGY EQUATION
When a system undergoes change of state (thermodynamic
process) then both heat and work transfer takes place.
The difference between heat transfer and work transfer results in
change in internal energy
Heat transfer – Work transfer = change in internal energy
Q1-2 – W1-2 = U2 - U1

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 Non – Flow energy equation

Q1-2 – W1-2 = U2 - U1

•U1: internal energy of the system at the beginning

•U2: internal energy of the system at the end
•Q1-2: net heat flow into the system
•W1-2: net work done by the system
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 Non – Flow energy equation

If work is being done on the working substance, W is a negative

quantity; if work is being done by the working substance, W is a
positive quantity

If heat is being added to a working substance, Q is a positive

quantity; if heat is being removed from a working substance, Q is
a negative

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Worked Examples

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 problem

Q. In a piston cylinder air expands from a volume of 0.003m3 at

a constant pressure of 690 KN/m2. The amount of heat rejected
through cylinder walls is 6 KJ. Determine the change of internal
energy. Final Volume, 0.0024 m3

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 Solution

Pressure p = 690 k N/m2

initial volume, V1 = 0.003 m3
final volume, V2 = 0.0024 m3
heat rejection, Q1-2 = -6 KJ (-ve sign due to
heat rejection)
Work transfer W1-2 =1∫2 p dv = p (v 2-v1)
= 690(0.024 – 0.003)
=14.49KJ
change internal energy U2 – U1 = Q1-2 – W1-2
=-6 – 14.49 = -20.49 KJ
-ve sign indicates decrease
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in internal energy.
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 Problem

A tank containing air is stirred by a paddle wheel. The work in

put in to the tank is 1000 KJ, and heat transferred from the tank is
400 KJ. Calculate the change of internal energy.

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 Solution

Heat rejection,Q1-2 = -400 kJ(-ve sign due to heat

rejection)

Work transfer,W1-2= -1000KJ(-ve sign due to Work is

being done on the system)

Change internal energy U2 – U1 = Q1-2 – W1-2

=-400 –(-1000)
= 600 kJ.

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 SUMMARY

We have discussed about

Non-Flow processes

Work done during Non-Flow processes

Non - Flow energy equation (NFEE).

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QUIZ

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 1. In a Non-flow process

a) The heat transfer occur

b) The work transfer occur

c) Both heat and work transfer occur

d) None of the above.

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 2.The Non-flow process occurs in

a) Open system
b) Closed system
c) Both Open and closed system
d) None of the above

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Write Non-flow energy equation and indicate the meaning of

each term.

2. Explain the difference between non-flow and steady flow

processes.

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 ASSIGNMENT

Q. A closed system undergoes a process change in which 2 kJ of

heat energy is supplied to system. Find the change in
internal energy under the following conditions
a) 0.75 kJ of work is done by the system
b) 0.5 kJ of work is done on the system

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