SQUARES, CUBES AND HCF

Lesson 3
Objectives
 Define square and cube numbers

 List down square and cube numbers

 Find HCF
SQUARE NUMBERS
An integer multiplied by itself is a square.
Example:1 x1=12=1
2x2=22 =4
3x3=32 = 9
Note:32 is read as 3 squared.
The numbers 1,4,9,16,… are square numbers.
CUBE NUMBERS
An integer multiplied by itself and then by itself
again is a Cube Number.
Example:
1x1x1=13= 1
2x2x2=23=8
3x3x3=33=27
4x4x4=43=64
The numbers 1,8,27,64,125,… are Cube Numbers
HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR[HCF]
Method 1
Factors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6,12
Factors of 18 are 1,2,3,6,9,18
Common factors of 12 and 18 are 1,2,3 and 6
The Highest Common Factor of 12 and 18 is 6.
Method 2
Another method is to express 12 and 18 as product
of their prime factors as follows:
12= 2x2x3
18=2x3x3
HCF=2x3
=6
Here we take 2 and 3s are common to both 12 and
18
Method 3

 HC=2x3=6 [the 2 and 3 are highlighted in the grid above]

What is happening is, we write 12 and 18 as above. With our knowledge of
Prime numbers we start with 2 which goes into 12 six time and into 18
nine time as you can see in the second row. We try again 2 into 6 and 9
giving us 3 and 9. Note here that if a number cannot go into another
number we maintain the number i.e. 2 into 9 is 9. Then we try 3 until
we get 1 at the end.