INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTIONS
THAT DEFINED
SOCIETY

JANE BOYLES FIEL

Copernican

 This caused the paradigm shift of how the earth and sun were placed in the
heavens/universe. It is the idea that rejected Ptolemaic model (earth is the
center of the solar system) and proved the heliocentric model (Sun is the
center of the solar system having the earth revolving around it.) As
articulated by the Polish astronomer Nicolas Copernicus in the 16th century.
 Nicolas Copernicus challenge the Ptolemaic model and Introduce the
concept know as heliocentrism.
 Astronomers realized that the Copernican model simplified the orbits for
planets and was eventually accepted buy the people which was called the
birth of modern astronomy.
DARWININAN

 In 1859, there was a groundbreaking revolution in both the scientific and

religious realms: the origin of species , authored by Charles Darwin, was
published.
 This has a great impact on how people approach Biology forever and has
fundamental impacts on modern science, religion, and other aspects of the
society.
 The theories did not immediately gain popularity. As Prof.Browne put it, it was
not a “revolution” but rather a slow change, stretched out over the course of a
century.
FREUDIAN
 A relating to the ideas or methods of Sigmund Freud, especially
his ideas about the way in which people’s hidden thoughts and feelings
influence their behavior especially with respect to the causes and
treatment of neurotic and psychopathic states, the interpretation of
dreams, etc.
 In the 19th century , Sigmund Freud was able to change people’s
perception of psychology with his revolutionary theory of psychoanalysis.
3 components of the mind affecting human behavior.
INFORMATION

 Gutenberg’s printing press in1455

 First telephone during 1870.
 This has been the era in which technology has been prevalent. It is
also known as the Computer Age that has brought so much change on
how are we living today.
MESO-AMERICAN
 Region and cultural area in the Americas. extending to the countries in South
America.
 Mesoamerica is one of the five areas in the world where ancient civilization arose
independently, and the second in the Americas. Norte Chico (Caral-Supe) in
present-day Peru, arose as an independent civilization in the northern coastal
region.
 It has contributed a lot ideas or discoveries for Archaeology. The temples and
pyramids left a lot about of Architecture that leads us to study more of it.
 The land joining the two continents, called the Isthmus of panama, is only 40 miles
wide and 400 miles along.
ASIAN
 The revolution itself taught Asian countries about freedom and
independent nationhood along the improvement brought by it internally.
 In the past, Asian civilizations most notable for their contributions to
science and technology were India, China and the West Asian
civilizations.
 At present, probably the most notable country in Asia in terms of its
technological and scientific achievement is Japan , which is particularly
known for its electronics and automobile products.
MIDDLE EAST

 The revolutions in the Middle East were a product of the

development and growth of individual nationalism, imperialism,
for the efforts to westernize and modernize Middle Eastern
societies, and to push the declining power of the Ottoman
Empire in the Arab region.
 The history started from the earliest human settlements
continuing through pre-and post- Islamic Empires.
Developed the following:
• First writing system in the world
• Potter’s wheel, vehicular and mill wheel
• First generalized governments law codes
• Foundation of astronomy and mathematics
AFRICAN

 The fight against colonialism and imperialism in Africa.

 The first mental hospitals was built in Cairo, Egypt in 800 AD.
 On Astronomy, there was the discovery of equinox and Solstice.
 Millions of sons and daughters of Africa were transported as
slaves to far away countries. In the words of Karl Marx, Africa
was "a warren for the commercial hunting of black skins." The
invaders destroyed Africa's ancient civilizations.