Couplings and Clutches are power and motion

transmission elements.
They are used to transmit power from one
shaft to another shaft.
The brake is a frictional device which is used
to control the motion.
 Classification of Couplings

Couplings

Rigid Flexible
Coupling Coupling

Bushed pin type

Sleeve or Muff Split Muff Flange Oldham Universal
flange
Coupling Coupling Coupling
Coupling
Coupling Coupling
 Rigid couplings
 Rigid Couplings are used to connect two shafts which are
perfectly in axial alignment.
Sleeve or Muff Coupling
 Construction:
 It is the simplest type of rigid coupling which is made
from cast iron.
 The hollow cylinder (muff ) is fitted over the ends of the
two shafts with the help of taper sunk key.
 Working:
 Disadvantage: It is difficult to assemble when there is
no perfect alignment between shafts.
Sleeve or Muff Coupling
 Rigid couplings
 Split Muff Coupling
 Construction:
 The muff or sleeve is made into two halves of cast iron.
 They both are joined by nut and bolts.
 Advantage:
 Assembling and disassembling of the coupling is possible
without the changing the position of shaft.
 Application:
 This coupling is used for heavy power transmission at
moderate speed.
Split Muff Coupling
 Rigid couplings
 Flange Coupling
 This coupling is having two
separate cast iron flanges.
 The flanges can be
of protected type or
unprotected type.
 The flange couplings are
rigid and accurate.
 It is used for heavy
power
transmission at low
speed.
Flange couplings
Protected type flange couplings
 Flexible couplings
 Flexible couplings are used to protect the driving and
driven machines from effect of shocks, excessive stresses
due to deflection and vibration which may arise from
misalignment of shafts.
 Bushed pin type flange coupling
 This type of coupling allows for imperfect alignment of
two joining shaft.
 This type of coupling has pins which works as a
coupling bolt. The rubber or leather bushes are used
over pins.
 Rubber bush absorbs shocks and vibrations
during operation.
 It is generally used to couple electric motor and
Flexible couplings
Bushed pin type flange coupling
 Flexible couplings
 Oldham’s Coupling
 It is used in connecting two
parallel shafts whose axes are
at small distance apart.
 The flanges have projections
and disc is provided with two
slots on both sides which are
right angle to each other.
 The rotation of drive shaft
causes the rotation and sliding
of disc which transmits the
motion and power to the
driven shaft.
Oldham’s Coupling
 Flexible couplings
 Universal Coupling
 Construction:
 Working:
 Application:
 This coupling is used to
connect two shafts whose axes
will intersect.
 The angle between the shaft
axes may vary slightly during
operation.
 It is widely used in automobile
and machine tools.
Universal Coupling
 CLUTCHES

 Clutch is a form of coupling which is used to

transmit the power from driver shaft or an input
shaft to driven shaft of machine which may be
required to start or stop frequently.
 CLUTCHES
Clutches

Mechanical Electromagnetic Pneumatic Hydraulic

Positive Friction
Clutches Clutches

Jaw Clutch Disc Clutch

Toothed Clutch Cone Clutch

Centrifugal
Clutch
 CLUTCHES
 Jaw & Toothed Clutch
 This type of clutch provides
engagement without slippage.
 The jaw clutch consists of segmental
projections or dogs on one side of
flange and corresponding recess on
other side of flange.
 Driving flange is rigidly attached to the
end of driving shaft while the other
flange is keyed to the other shaft by
feather key so it can slide on the shaft.
 The shifting device is accommodated
on the hub of the sliding flange.
 Automobiles and Tractors
CLUTCHE
S
Jaw & Toothed Clutch
 CLUTCHES
 Disc Clutch
 There are two flanges in such type of clutches.
 One rigidly keyed to driving shaft and other fitted to
driven shaft by feather key or splines.
 The amount of torque transmitted depends upon axial
pressure, radius of the friction surfaces and coefficient
of friction.
 Automobiles
 When large torque transmission is required the multidisc
clutches are used. It is having more number of contact
surfaces discs on driving and driven shaft.
Disc Clutch
Disc Clutch
CLUTCHES
 Cone Clutch
 The clutch consists of an internal cone fixed to the
driving member and a movable cone free to slide axially is
keyed to the driven member.
 The slope of cone is from 8º to 15º.
 The clutch parts are held together by springs
producing required axial force.
 Advantage of cone clutch over the disc clutch is very
simple and required less axial pressure to disengaged
the clutch.
CLUTCHE
S
Cone Clutch
CLUTCHES
 Centrifugal Clutch
 In this clutch the engagement
and dis-engagement takes place
at certain running speed.
 The shoes are held against the
hub or spider on the driving shaft
by means of suitable springs.
 The driven member consists of a
cylindrical drum in which shoes
slide to make the contact through
friction surfaces with inner linings
of drum due to centrifugal force
on the shoes.
Centrifugal Clutch
 BRAKES

 It is a device by means of which frictional

resistance is applied to a moving machine member
in order to retard or stop the motion of a
machine.
 Brakes are used in automobiles, trains, vehicles,
hoists, elevators, presses, etc.
 Brakes absorbs kinetic energy of moving member
in automobiles and brakes absorbs potential
energy of lowering member in hoists or elevator
brake.
 BRAKES

Brakes

Mechanical Hydraulic Electrical

External and
Block Brake Band Brake Internal
shoe Brake
 BRAKES
 Block Brake
 This brake consists of blocks which are pressed
against the rim of revolving brake wheel or drum.
 The friction between the wheel and the blocks tend to
prevent the rotation of the wheel.
 Single Block :Railway train, Tram. Prony brake is an
example of block brake.
 Double block :Electric cranes.
 Bicycle brake is an example of double block brake.
 BRAKES
 Band Brake
 A band brake consists of a flexible band of leather or
steel
lined with friction material.
 The friction between the band and the wheel surface
provides the braking force to decrease or stop the
motion of the wheel.
 This type of brakes are used in civil construction
equipments and also in automobiles as hand
brake.
 Simple band brakes and differential band brakes.
Simple band
brakes
Differential band brakes
 BRAKES
 Internal Expanding shoe Brake
 The shoes are housed in the rotating
drum.
 Under released condition, sufficient
gap between shoes and inner
surface of drum is maintained.
 The rotation of cam tends to
expand the shoes outwards
eliminating gap and making
contact between the shoes and
inner surface of the rotating drum.
 Applications are in motor cars
and light trucks.
Difference between a brake and a clutch