Overall energy balance & continuity equation

Mass Flow Rate =  A V (kg/s)

Volume Flow Rate = A V (m3 /s)

V = velocity
Conservation of Mass (Continuity Principle)

min

mout

min  mout  msystem

m in  m out  dmsystem / dt
Conservation of Mass (Continuity Principle)

Steady state ?
Change of Any quantity with time = 0

m in  m out  dmsystem / dt  0
m in  m out

 A V)in = ( A V)out
Flow Work

wflow = Pv

Total energy of moving fluid

= e + Pv
= u + p.e + k.e + Pv
= h + p.e + k.e
 STEADY – FLOW SYSTEMS

E in  E out

Rate of Net Energy transfer in Rate of Net Energy transfer out

=

2 2
 -W
  m V
 e (he  e  gze )   m V
 i (hi  i  gzi )
Q
     2         2   
for each exit for each inlet
 One inlet (1) and one exit (2)

Q - W
 m  V 2
 V 2

 h2  h1  2 1
 g(z 2  z1 )
 2 

On a unit mass basis

 V22  V12 
Q - Ws  H2  H1   g(z2  z1 )
 2 