Introduction to

Occupational Safety
and Health (OSH)
Objectives
To encourage strong leadership in championing the importance of,
and a common-sense approach to, health and safety in the
workplace.
To motivate focus on the core aims of health and safety and, by
doing so, to help risk makers and managers distinguish between real
health and safety issues and trivial or ill-informed criticism.
To reinforce the promotion of worker involvement and consultation in
health and safety matters throughout unionized and non-unionized
workplaces of all sizes
To set priorities and, within those priorities, to identify which
activities, their length and scale, deliver a significant reduction in the
rate and number of deaths and accidents.
To encourage an increase in competence, which will enable greater
ownership and profiling of risk, thereby promoting sensible and
proportionate risk management.
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Global OSH Situationer

Asia had the highest number of fatalities

among the 5 regions and constituted more than
70% globally. The Asian fatal occupational rate
was 12.7 per 100,000 persons in the labor
force which was lower than Africa which had
the highest fatality rate of 16.6 per 100,000
persons in the labor force. Europe had the
lowest fatality rate among the 5 regions, with a
rate of 3.61.
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Globally, this phenomenon is still largely
unexplored, economically, socially, politically
and morally.

With a highly mobile population of workers

and different contractor working on dangerous
construction sites at the same time,
CONSTRUCTION continues to be a major
cause of death and disabilities.

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In the Philippines
Statistics in this report were culled from the results of
the 2015/2016 Integrated Survey on Labor and
Employment (ISLE) – a nationwide sample survey
covering 12,926 establishments with 20 or more
workers.
On June 30, 2016, the estimated number of
establishments engaged in the construction industry
was posted at 986. Employment
The total number of persons hired in construction
activities was placed at 243,490.

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Category of workers
The bulk of the workforce in the construction
industry were rank and file employees at ninety
percent (90.7%) or 220,168. Managers/executives
and supervisor/foremen accounted for less than
seven percent (2.6% and 6.7%, respectively).
Meanwhile, working owners/unpaid workers shared
less than one percent (0.03% or 781) of the total
employment.
Seven out of every 10 rank and file employees were
non-regular workers (70.7% or 155,629). While
regular workers shared less than thirty percent
(29.3% or 64,539).
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Moreover, contractual/project-based workers
shared the highest portion (91.1% or 141,768) of
nonregular workers. The remaining percent (9.0% or
13,861) were composed of probationary workers,
casual workers, seasonal workers, and
apprentices/learners.

The number of cases occupation injuries in the

construction industry in 2015 was reported at
2,115.

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Agents of Injury

The top three (3) agents of occupational

injuries in the construction industry were:
machines or equipment (33.3%);
hand tools (22.8%); and
materials or objects (22.1%).

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Causes of Injury

Mainly due to the nature of work in the

construction industry, almost half (46.6%)
of cases of occupational injuries with
workdays lost were caused by stepping on,
striking against or struck by objects, excluding
falling objects. This was followed by falls of
persons (15.2%) and caught in or between
objects (13.6%).

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 Workers Exposure to Risks
There are millions of workers in the
Philippines all of whom are exposed to the
hazardous nature of task & works and as if
the dangerous nature of the jobs is not
enough, employers, & workers alike
religiously neglect safety equipment,
precautions and procedures in their day to
day routine causing incidents/accidents that
render lost man-hours, permanent disability
or worse death.
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 The Importance of Safety and
Health
and
OSH Programs

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH
MISSION

The prevention of death, injury and ill health

to those at work and those affected by work
activities.

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Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health

Identification
– recognition
– assessment
Control
– eliminate
– manage
– personal protection
Prevention
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 Employee Involvement

Encourage employees to get involved in

the program and in decisions that affect
their safety and health
Communicate responsibility for all
program aspects

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 Responsibility

Parties responsible for the safety and health

program must have authority and resources
Managers, supervisors, and employees must
be held accountable for meeting their
responsibilities
Program operations must be reviewed at least
annually, to evaluate, identify deficiencies, and
revise, as needed

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 Worksite Analysis

Examine the worksite and

identify:
-- existing hazards
-- conditions and operations
where changes might occur to
create hazards
Management must actively
analyze the work and the worksite
to anticipate and prevent harmful
occurrences

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 Comprehensive Survey

• Conduct a comprehensive baseline

survey for safety and health
• Job Hazard Analysis
• Who may help you:
-- OSHC Consultation Program
-- DOLE-BWC
-- Safety Consultants

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 Safety and Health Inspections

Conduct regular (usually weekly) site inspections

Establish daily work area inspection procedures
Develop and use a checklist
Provide a reliable system for employees, without
fear of reprisal, to notify management about
apparent hazardous conditions and to receive timely
and appropriate responses

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 Additional Worksite Analysis

Investigate accidents and

“near miss” incidents, so that
their causes and means for
prevention are identified
Analyze injury and illness
trends, so that common cause
patterns can be identified and
prevented

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 Hazard Prevention and Control

Start by determining that a hazard

or potential hazard exists
Where feasible, prevent hazards by
effective design of job or job site
If the hazard cannot be eliminated,
use hazard controls
Eliminate or control hazards in a
timely manner

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 Controlling the Hazards

To prevent and control hazards:

Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment
Safe work practices communicated
– via training, positive reinforcement,
– correction of unsafe performance,
– and enforcement

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 Hazard Prevention Planning

Maintain the facility and equipment

Emergency planning
 Training and drills, as needed
Medical program
 First aid on site
 Physician and emergency care
nearby

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 Safety and Health Training

Address the safety and

health responsibilities of all
personnel
Incorporate it into other
training and job
performance/practice

Slide 23
 Department Order No. 13

Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and

Health in the Construction Industry
Ensuring the protection and welfare of workers employed in the
construction industry, protection and welfare of the general
public within and around the immediate vicinity of any
construction worksite as well as a harmonious employer-
employee relationship.

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Section 4. Coverage

The issuance shall apply to all operations

and undertakings in the construction industry
and its subdivisions, namely, general building
construction, general engineering construction
and special trade construction, based on the
classification code of the Philippine
Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB) of
the Construction Industry of the Philippines
(CIAP).
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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH
MISSION

The prevention of any incidents and or

accidents that may result to death, injury,
damage to property and ill health to those at
work and those affected by work activities.

WITHOUT SAFETY . . . . .
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 Interrupts or disrupts the normal and orderly progress of any
activity and may result in injury (minor, serious or fatal) to
people and/or damage or destruction of property that result to
losses.

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Slide 28
Pointed metal inside his toenail
 Employee was setting
down a load of 2x10’s
with a co-worker and got
his big toe caught under
the load when he
dropped it.

Slide 29
 Arcing electrical burns
through the victim’s
shoe and around the
rubber sole.
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  It provides corrective, preventive and
predictive measures to minimize
accidents.
 People causes hazardous acts and
conditions.
 Extreme of ages causes accidents.
 Safety is a way of life.

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 Why the need for OSH?

Family
Regulatory Agencies
Employee Health

SAFETY

Accident Costs
Production
Corporate
Image Quality

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 If you think TRAINING is expensive,
try IGNORANCE;
if you think SAFETY is costly,
try ACCIDENT!

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Slide 34
It is better to be careful
100 times

than to get killed once.

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 Questions?
ANY QUESTIONS???

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 Thank you.

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