TYPES OF SUPPORTS AND

BEAMS
Basic terms – Structural Elements
 SLAB

• It is a flat horizontal
surface.
• It is supported by
beam and column.
• It transfers load to
the beam
 Beam

• Horizontal member
of a structure.

• Carries transverse
loads.
 Column
• Column is a Vertical
Structural Member.

• It transmits the load

from ceiling/roof slab
and beam, including
its self weight to the
foundation.
Load Transform
 SUPPORTS
• A support is an • Types
element which bears
the weight of a beam 1. Fixed Support
and keeps it upright. 2. Hinged Support
3. Roller Support
• Simply we can say 4. Simple Support
that it is a thing which
keeps beam in
Equilibrium.
 FIXED SUPPORT
• This support keeps the end of the beam fixed,
i.e. The beam end resists to take any kind of
translation or bending moment.
 HINGED SUPPORT
• A Hinged support restricts the movement of
the beam in any directions but it will allow the
beam to rotate about the support
 ROLLER SUPPORT
• A Roller support gives capability of movement
to the respected beam connected to it may be
along normal to the guides or it can also
rotate about the support
 TYPES OF BEAMS
• Fixed Beam
• Cantilever Beams
• Simply Supported Beams
• Over Hanging Beams
• Continuous Beams
• Propped Cantilever Beam
 FIXED BEAMS
• A Beam which is having fixed supports on both
of its ends, it is named as fixed beams
 CANTILEVER BEAM
• Beam which having a fixed support on one end
and other end is set free, it is known as
cantilever beam
 Simply Supported beam

• A beam supported or resting freely on the

supports at its both ends, is known as simply
supported beam.
 Simply Supported beam

• There can be three ways to denote a Simply

supported beam:-
– Beam with one end hinged/pin and one end roller
support.
– Beam with both ends hinged.
– Beam with both ends with Roller support.
 Both ends having roller support
• There is no horizontal constraint in roller
supported type of beam, so when an inclined
load is applied on this beam it will move from
it’s position and hence it is not stable beam.
 Both ends hinged:
• In this type of support their is constraint in the horizontal
direction from both the sides.
• If temperature of this beam rises, there is no room for
thermal expansion of the beam in the horizontal direction.
So thermal stresses will be developed in the beam, hence
the beam has to be designed for Thermal stresses too
unnecessarily and the beam might fail if temperature
exceeds a limit.
 One end Roller and One end Hinged/Pin
jointed 
• This beam representation covers both the
above disadvantages i.e. it provides room for
thermal expansion as well as it constraints the
beam in horizontal direction at one side to
handle the inclined load.
 Overhanging Beam

• If the end portion of a beam is extended

beyond the support, such beam is known as
overhanging beam.
 Continuous Beam

• A beam which is provided more than two

supports is known as continuous beam.
 Propped Cantilever Beam
• In propped cantilever beam, the free end of
the cantilever beam is place on a roller
support than the resultant beam will be
propped cantilever beam.
 TYPES OF LOADS

• Basing on the action of the forces the loads

are classified into 3 types
- Point Load (or) Concentrated Load
- Uniformly Distributed Load
- Uniformly Varying Load
POINT LOAD (or) CONCENTRATED LOAD

• When a load acts concentrated at a definite

point then it is named as a concentrated
• load or point load.
 UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
• A distributed load is a load which is spread on
some length of a beam, i.e. The reason it is
measured in intensity with units ewton/meter.
If the intensity is constant along the length
then it is named as uniformly distributed load
 UNIFORMLY VARYING LOAD
• Whenever the load distributed along the length
of the beam varies in intensity uniformly,
according to some law. Then it is named as
uniformly varying load
Thank you