HUMAN

RESOURCE
PLANNING
HRP Dimensions
• Quantitative
1)Population
a)Population Policies
-Influencing Policies
-Responsive Policies
b)Population Structure
-Sex Composition
c)Age Composition
d)Migration
e)Labour Force Participation
HRP Dimensions

• Qualitative
a)Education and
Training
b)Health and nutrition
C)Equality of
opportunity
HRP Dimensions
• Quantitative
1)Population
De facto (or present in area) concept
involves complete count of persons –
residents and non-residents alike-
physically present in the country at the
time census.

De jure concept necessitates complete

count of all persons considered to be
normal residents of the country,
irrespective of where each person is
located, at the time of census
HRP Dimensions
*Problem usually occurs in the
estimation of population due to the
nationals living abroad, jungle
inhabitations, population in disturbed
areas.
* These problems possibly yield in some
degree of inaccuracy in counting.
* HRs being an integral part of
population, growth of human
resources is naturally dependant on
the growth of population
HRP Dimensions
Population growth of any country
depends on the following three
factors.

*Population Policies

*Population structure

* Migration
HRP Dimensions
Population growth of any country
depends on the following three
factors.

*Population Policies

*Population structure

* Migration
HRP Dimensions
Population Policies

*Population influencing policies are anticipatory in

nature and operate through the demographic sub-
system by influencing factors primarily responsible
for population growth such as fertility, marriage
and mortality.
* Population responsive policies are which are often
implemented through the socio economic sub-
system to accommodate or adjust to observed
demographic trends with the help of programmes
like health, nutrition, education, housing, transport
network expansion and employment promotion.
* In highly populated country requires both the
influencing as well as the responsive policies to
maintain an optimal population policy frame work
HRP Dimensions
Population Structure

* It is a dynamic concept and reveals two things

at any time,
* First it is the result of interaction in
the past among factors causing population
growth.
* Second , it reveals the potential for
future growth in population

*When population growth is considered two

important that play a major role is
-- Sex Composition

-- Age Composition
HRP Dimensions
Sex Composition
– The principal measure of sex
composition is the sex ratio - defined as
the number males per 100 females. In
other words;

-- Sex Ratio is (Number of Males/Number of

females ) * 100

-- Sex composition thus indicates the potential

future growth in population.
HRP Dimensions
Age Composition
– composition is the distribution of
population by age groups
-- Age composition at any given
point of time is the result of past
trends in fertility and mortality and is
also the basis for establishing future
trends
-- Data on age composition is also useful in
the computation and analysis of labour supply
--- Populations in the age group crucially
determine the extent and composition of
labour force
HRP Dimensions
Migration
Apart from age and sex composition ,another
factor that causes changes in the population is net
migration.

If net Migration is positive , the population grows

at a rate faster than that indicated by natural growth

if the net migration is negative it causes decline in the

rate of growth indicated by the natural growth

Movements from and to other regions within the

country are termed as out-migration and in migration,
respectively, and these movements together are known as
internal migration

Data on internal migration are useful, when it is

intended to analyse population changes at provincial level
HRP Dimensions
Migration
Movement across national boundaries - termed
as-international migration - causes changes in the
population at the national level.

The effect of international migration on the

national population is measured by the rate of net-
migration

Rate of Net Migration=

Total immigrants-Total Emigrants

------------------------------------------------ *1000
Mid Year Population
HRP Dimensions
Labour Force Participation

*Population change does not have any impact

in term of human resource.Rather it is the
change in the economically active component
of population that affect the growth in human
resource
Workers
Worker is defined as a person whose
main activity is participation in economically
productive work by his mental or physical
presence
Work involves not only actual work
but also effective supervision and direction.
HRP Dimensions
Labour Force Participation

*Non Workers

* Full-time students;
*Persons engaged in household duties;
* Infants and dependents doing no work;
*Retired persons and rentiers living on rent on an
agricultural or non-agricultural royalty;
*Beggars, vagrants and others with unspecified
sources of income;
*inmates of penal, charitable and metal
institutions;
* unemployed but available for work; and
*others.
HRP Dimensions
Labour Force Participation

* Labour force or economically active

population is that segment of the population
whose function is to produce goods and
services demanded by the whole population
* labour forces comprises all persons of either
sex who furnish the supply of labour available
for the production of economic goods and
services including

* employers,
*employees,
*self-employed persons, and
*those engaged in family enterprises without
pay.
HRP Dimensions
Labour Force Participation

Labour-force may be defined as comprising

workers and non-workers in the productive
age-group who are 'unemployed but available
for work‘

Labour force participation rate

Labour Force
----------------------- *100
Total Population
HRP Dimensions
Qualitative Dimension
Qualitative dimension facilitates assessment and
analysis of productive power in human resources

Education and Training

* Education and training is the most dominant
dimension affecting quality of human resources in
terms of knowledge and skill.
* Education and training serve both individual
and social ends
* To an individual, it has both vocational and
cultural significance in achieving economic growth
and social up gradation.
* To the society, education and training is a
means which makes possible to take advantage of
technological changes as well as furthering
technological progress
HRP Dimensions
Education and Training

*Formal Education
* Informal Education

*Education and training as a means of human

resources planning involves critical choices, as no
country can have all education and training.

*It is essential to identify priorities in education

and training, emphasise programmes which have
high priority and tone down or even discard
programme with a low priority.
HRP Dimensions
Education and Training

Six choice that were critical for the development of

education and training

*Choice between levels of education such as

primary, secondary and higher education.
*Choice between quality and quantity in education
and training.
*Choice between science and technology on the one
hand, and humanities and liberal arts on the other
hand.
*Choice between market forces and incentives to
attract people into some occupations.
*Choice between the aspirations of individuals and
needs of the society.
HRP Dimensions
Health and Nutrition

Health and nutrition status constitute one of the

most important indicators of quality of human
resource, as they contribute significantly to
building and maintaining a productive human
resource as well as improving average expectation
of life and quality of life.

3 Determinants of health status.

* Purchasing power of people
*Public sanitation, climate and
availability of medical facilities.
* People's knowledge and understanding
of health hygiene and nutrition.
HRP Dimensions
Equality of opportunity

* Investments in human resources development do

not always ensure proportionate development of all
sections of population.
* absence of deliberate policy intervention, there
are bound to be discriminations

* 3 Distinct form of Discrimination

Social discrimination
Economic discrimination
Regional discrimination.
HRP Dimensions
Equality of opportunity

3 Distinct form of Discrimination

Social discrimination
Social discrimination may take either the form of
sex discrimination of discrimination among
different social groups of both.

Economic discrimination
Economic discrimination takes place largely
among groups of population belonging to different
economic strata classified in terms of either income
generating assets

Regional discrimination.
Regional discrimination can be in the form either
discrimination between rural and urban population
or discrimination among population belonging to
different regions
HRP Dimensions
Equality of opportunity

* Discrimination of any form causes differential

access to education and training, and health and
nutrition. This in turn leads to differences in quality
and productivity of human resources belonging to
different segments of the population - with the
privileged benefiting the most and under privileged
being deprived of their due share in the
development process.
*Opportunity costs of discrimination are very high,
as it leads to many social and economic evils apart
from retarding the pace of economic developmen
*, it has been demonstrated in particular that the
national out-put can be further expanded by
improving the average level of productivity of each
individual through appropriate social and economic
policies directed towards equality of opportunity in
the fields of education and health.