 Inspect: means to examine by sight and touch.

 TYPES OF INSPECTION INTERVAL:

1.Flight hours .
2.Calendar times,
3.Cycles.
 The cycles : the number of takeoffs and landings the
aircraft makes.
 * Aircraft inspections are range from the basic
pre- flight inspection , a daily Walk –around inspection ,
to extensive heavy maintenance checks.
 Aircraft airworthiness
inspection
 A- Required Airworthiness Inspections :
 1) Pre-Flight Inspections .
 2) FAR Part 91 Required Inspections :
 a- Annual Inspection : Within every 12 calendar
months, the aircraft must have a complete inspection
performed to determine if the aircraft meets all the
requirements for its certification.
 - Annual inspections must be performed by an A&P
technician holding an Inspection Authorization (IA) or an
inspector authorized by a certified repair station with an
airframe rating.
 Aircraft airworthiness
inspection
 A- Required Airworthiness Inspections :
 1) Pre-Flight Inspections .
 2) FAR Part 91 Required Inspections :
 a- Annual Inspection.
 b- 100-Hour Inspection .
 - difference between a l00-hour and an annual inspection
is that a certified A&P technician may conduct the l00-hour
inspection and approve the aircraft for return to service.
 c- Progressive Inspection
 - A progressive inspection is exactly the same in scope
and detail as the annual inspection but allows the work­load to
be divided into smaller portions and per­formed in shorter
time periods.
 Aircraft airworthiness
inspection
A- Required Airworthiness Inspections :
 1) Pre-Flight Inspections .
 2) FAR Part 91 Required Inspections.
 3) Large and Turbine Powered Multi-Engine Aircraft
a) Continuous airworthiness inspection program.
- This inspection is designed for commercial operators of
large aircrafts.
 b) Approved aircraft inspection program.
- May be chosen by on demand operators who operate
under part 135
 c) Complete manufacture inspection program.
- Is used more frequently when aircraft is factory new.
 Aircraft airworthiness
inspection
 A- Required Airworthiness Inspections :
 1) Pre-Flight Inspections .
 2) FAR Part 91 Required Inspections.
 3) Large and Turbine Powered Multi-Engine Aircraft .
 4) Conformity Inspections : is essentially a visual
inspection that compares the approved aircraft specifications
with the actual aircraft and associated engine and components .
 List of specifications
• 1.Type certificate data sheet.( TCDS ).
• 2.Supplemental Type Certificate data sheets.( STC ).
• 3.Major repair or alteration. ( form 337 ).
• 4.Airworthiness directive records. (ADs).
 Aircraft airworthiness
inspection
 Conformity Inspections:
 Conformity inspection is required when the aircraft is
exported to or imported from another country .
Conformity inspection is highly recommended when
performing a pre- purchase inspection for a
prospective aircraft buyer.
Conformity inspection is an important part of the
overall inspection process ,for example an IA
performing an annual inspection is responsible for
determining the airworthiness of the aircraft.
 Aircraft airworthiness
inspection
 Continuous airworthiness inspection program
(CAMP)
 -This inspection is designed for commercial operators
of large aircrafts operating under FAR part
121,127,or135
 Work cards
 - Acts as control document in the continuous inspection
process.
The work card provides account ability columns where inspector
or maintenance technician signs off each step as it is inspected
or serviced .
The complete work card becomes part of the maintenance
records.
 Aircraft airworthiness
inspection
- Special inspections
 - special inspections may be scheduled by flight hours,
calendar times, or aircraft cycles.
Types of special inspections.
 1.Atimeter and static system inspection and certificate .
 2. ATC transponder inspections. Air Traffic Control.
 3. Emergency locator transmitter (ELT) inspection.
Altimeter and static system inspection
and certificate .

Performed each 24 calendar months

The altimeter is checked for operation and accuracy
up to the high altitude.
The altimeter may be conducted by the manufacture
of the aircraft or by a certified repair station
( CRS ) .
ATC transponder inspection
Must be inspected each 24 calendar months by any
one of the following
A certificate repair station.
Holder of a continuous airworthiness maintenance
program
Manufacture of the aircraft.
Emergency locator transmitter ELT

Requires every 12 months .

The inspection entails checking for installation

,battery corrosion , operation of the controls and
crash sensor.

Check the ELT battery expiration date and record

the expiration for replacing or recharging.
 Conditional inspections

 A conditional inspection is an
unscheduled inspection conducted
as result of a specific over – limit
or abnormal event.
Examples of conditional inspections.
1. hard landing.
2.overstress conditions.
3.flight into severe turbulence.
4.flight into volcanic ash.
5.overtemp conditions.
6.overweight landing.
7.exceeding placarded speed of flaps and landing
gear.
8. bird strike.
9. lightning strike.
10. foreign object damage. ( FOD ).
 Inspection fundamentals

The five common sources of wear and tear are

1. weather.
2. friction.
3. stress overloads.
4.heat.
5.vibration.
Friction damage manifests in many forms
such as :
Abrasion : is caused by a rough substance
between two moving surfaces.
Burnishing : is the polishing of a surface by the
sliding contact with another ,smoother, harder,
metallic surface .
Chafing : is the wear between two parts rubbing
,sliding or bumping into each other that are not
normally in contact .
Elongation : is the oval –shaped wear of a bearing
surface around bolts ,hinge pins ,clevis pins, etc.
Erosion : is the loss of metal from the surface by
mechanical action of material such as dirt,
sand ,or water. Propeller, leading edges of the
wings and empennage , landing gear and
cowling are susceptible to erosion damage.
The types of stress overloads that an
inspector must become familiar with
 1. tension.
 2. Compression.
 3. Torsion.
 4. Shear.
 5. bending.
 Inspection procedures
 The inspection of aircraft requires a great deal
of organization and planning .
 The inspection of an aircraft is divided into five
basic phases .
1. pre-inspection phase .
2. Examination phase.
3. Service phase and repair.
4. Functional phase.
5. Return to service.
Pre-inspection phase
The pre-inspection phase is very important and serves to
organize the paperwork, records, tools, and equipment needed
for inspection .
This phase usually includes:
Work order.
Maintenance records and aircraft specification review.
Service bulletins and letters.
Airworthiness directives.
Initial run-up.
Work order : is the agreement between the shop or
mechanic and the owner of the aircraft concerning
the work to be performed.

The maintenance record and aircraft specifications

review is a very important part of any inspection and
take place before the aircraft is physically examined.
A thorough inspection includes the research and
documentation of applicable service bulletins and service
letters

Airworthiness directives ( AD ) are issued by FAA to correct

unsafe conditions that affect the safety of an aircraft.

After completing the pre-inspection paperwork and

maintenance records review ,perform an engine run-up to
provide a baseline to compare to the post inspection run-up
indications.
Examination phase
The primary purpose of the examination phase is to physically
evaluate the airworthiness of the aircraft and its components.

The examination phase is the actual inspection of the aircraft,

it starts with a conformity inspection ,checking, measuring,
operating, moving, …… etc.
See figure 17-21 page 17-29
Service and repair phase
The service and repair phase of the inspection includes the
necessary maintenance that is required to approve the aircraft
for return to service and to preserve its airworthy condition.
Examples of service and repair.
lubrication wheel bearing and moving parts ,replacing and
cleaning filters ,adding fluids, servicing the battery, cleaning
the aircraft….etc. see fig. 17-21 page 17-29,30,31,32.
Functional check phase
After the inspection is accomplished and all needed
maintenance is completed, the maintenance technician
conducts functional or operational checks on the aircraft and
systems.
Examples of functional check.
Engine run-up.
 fuel leaks, oil leaks

After all maintenance is completed ,a good wash of the aircraft

to remove any trace of oil or grease .
Return –To- Service phase
After the inspection is accomplished .you must complete the
paperwork before the aircraft is approved for return to
service .

The inspection is not completed without the proper

maintenance entry, make sure the entry is legible and that it
details the inspection performed according to the FAR
requirements specific to the inspection entries.
See figure 12-23-(1 -9)
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORDS
INTRODUCTION
Aircraft maintenance records provide evidence that the aircraft
conforms to its airworthiness requirements ,incomplete or
missing records may render the aircraft unairworthy.
Aviation maintenance technician are required to record
maintenance entries and aircraft owners are required to
maintain them.
To keep the maintenance history of the aircraft
,engines, propeller, components, and appliances
clear and easy to research ,maintenance record
entries and inspection entries should be separated .
Maintenance and inspection records document
different events altogether .
Individual FARs outline the requirements of
maintenance and inspection record entries.
MAINTENANCE RECORD FORM AND
CONTENT
Technicians who maintain, perform preventive
maintenance, rebuild, or alter an aircraft, airframe,
aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component,
are required to make an entry in the maintenance
record containing the following:
Contents of an entry
A description of the work performed or reference to FAA
acceptable data.
The completion date of the work performed.
The name of the person performing the work if it is someone
other than the person approving the work for return to service.
The signature ,certificate number , and the type of certificate
held by the person approving the work for return to service.
The owner must maintain the following :
The total time –in service of the airframe ,engine, propeller ,
and each rotor.
The status of life- limited parts of each airframe, engine,
propeller, rotor and appliance.
The time since the last overhaul of all times installed on the
aircraft which are required to be overhauled on a specified
time basis.
The current inspection status of the aircraft.
The status of Ads.
Copies of FAA form 337..