LATHE DESIGN AND TERMINOLOGIES

-knowing the terminology of a machine tool is fundamental to understanding how it

performs the basic processes, how the work holding devices are interchanged, and
how the cutting tools are mounted and interfaced to the work.

Lathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring.
 Parts of Lathe machine

1. Bed
It is the main body of the machine. All main components are bolted on it. It is usually made by cast
iron due to its high compressive strength and high lubrication quality. It is made by casting process
and bolted on floor space.
2. Tool post
It is bolted on the carriage. It is used to hold the tool at correct position. Tool holder mounted on it.
3. Chuck
Chuck is used to hold the workspace. It is bolted on the spindle which rotates the chuck and work
piece. It is four jaw and three jaw according to the requirement of machine.
4. Head stock
Head stock is the main body parts which are placed at left side of bed. It is serve as holding device for 9. Apron
the gear chain, spindle, driving pulley etc. It is also made by cast iron. It is situated on the carriage. It consist all controlling and moving
5. Tail stock mechanism of carriage.
Tail stock situated on bed. It is placed at right hand side of the bed. The main function of tail stock to 10. Chips pan
support the job when required. It is also used to perform drilling operation. Chips pan is placed lower side of bed. The main function of it to
6. Lead screw carries all chips removed by the work piece.
Lead screw is situated at the bottom side of bed which is used to move the carriage automatically 11. Guide ways
during thread cutting. Guide ways take care of movement of tail stock and carriage on
7. Legs bed.
Legs are used to carry all the loads of the machine. They are bolted on the floor which prevents 12. Speed controller
vibration. Speed controller switch is situated on head stock which controls
8. Carriage the speed of spindle.
It is situated between the head stock and tail stock. It is used to hold and move the tool post on the bed 13. Spindle
vertically and horizontally. It slides on the guide ways. Carriage is made by cast iron. It is the main part of lathe which holds and rotates the chuck.
TYPES OF LATHES
Engine Lathes Are the type most frequently use in
manufacturing. They are heavy-
duty machine tools with all the
components described previously
and have power drive for all tool
movements except on the
compound rest.

Toolroom
Lathes Have somewhat greater
accuracy and , usually , a
wider range of speeds and
feeds than ordinary engine
lathes.
Turret lathes
A longitudinally feedable, hexagon turret replaces the tailstock. The turret, on which
six tools can be mounted , can be rotated about a vertical axis to bring each tool into
operating position, and the entire unit can be translated parallel to the ways, either
manually or by a power, to provide feed for the tools.

Two Basic Types of Turret Lathes

Provides more rugged

mounting for the
1.Saddle type turret
hexagon turret than can
lathe
be obtained by the ram-
type mounting.
2. Ram-type
turret lathe The ram and the turret are
move up to the cutting
position by means of the
capstan wheel, and the
power feed is then
engaged.
Vertical Turret Lathes. In machining large and/or heavy parts, such
as pinions, couplings, and ring gears,
vertical turret lathes are used.

Automatic Turret Lathes After a turret is tooled, the skill

required of the operator is very low,
and the motions are simple and
repetitive. As a result, several types
of automatic turret lathes have been
developed that require no operator.
 Brown and Sharpe 00 screw machine
Single-Spindle Automatic Screw Machines

There are two common types of single

spindle screw machines.

Is eccentrically a small automatic turret lathe,

designed for bar stock, with the main turret mounted
in a vertical plane on a ram.

Swiss- Type automatic screw

machine
The cutting tools are held and moved in radial slides.
Disk cams move the tools into cutting positions and
provide feed into the work in a radial direction only;
they provide any required longitudinal feed by
reciprocating the headstock.

CT 20 - Swiss-type lathe
Multiple-Single Automatic Single-spindle screw machines are utilize only one or two
Screw Machines tooling positions at any given time. Thus the total cycle
time per work-piece is the sum of the individual machining
and tool-positioning times.