FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Presented by
S.Sarvotham
FIRE TRIANGLE
 The Fire Triangle
Three things must be present at the same time to
produce fire:

1. Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion

2. Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature
3. Some FUEL or combustible material
Together, they produce the CHEMICAL
REACTION that is fire

Take away any of these things and the fire will

be extinguished
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
 Fires are classified according to the type of
fuel that is burning

 If we use the wrong type of fire extinguisher

on the wrong class of fire, we might make it
worse.

 Hence it is very important to know what type

of extinguishers to use for that type of fire
 FIRE Classifications

Class A: Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics—solids that

are not metals.
Class B: Flammable liquids—gasoline, oil, grease,
acetone. Includes flammable gases.
Class C: Electrical—energized electrical equipment. As
long as it’s “plugged in.”
Class D: Metals—potassium, sodium, aluminum,
magnesium. Requires Metal-X, foam, and other special
extinguishing agents.

.
 TYPES OF EXTINGUISHERS
 The different types of portable extinguishers
are

 Water
 Foam
 Dry chemical powder(DCP)
 CO2
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher
if you remember the acronym PASS:

 Pull

 Aim

 Squeeze

 Sweep
Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

CO2’s are designed for Class B and C

(Flammable Liquids and Electrical Sources)

CO2 is a non-flammable gas that takes away

the oxygen element of the fire triangle.
Without oxygen, there is no fire

CO2 is very cold as it comes out of the

extinguisher, so it cools the fuel as well.
 DRY CHEMICAL POWDER
 Prevents chain reaction
The powder interrupt the chemical reaction of fire.

 Smothers
Dry chemical extinguishers put out fire by coating the fuel with
a thin layer of dust. This separates the fuel from the oxygen in
the air.

 Rapid knockdown

 No cooling effect
For Class ABC Fires For class D Fires
 Mixture of; • Sodium Chloride, with
 Ammonium Sulphate graphite mix.
 Ammonium Phosphate • Copper powder

For BC fires – Forms crust on surface of

 Sodium Bi-carbonate burning metal
 Contains stearate to give – Prevents oxygen reaching
good flow characteristics the fire
and prevent clogging
 FOAM EXTINGUISHER
Foam extinguishers are used for Class B
fire(flammable liquids)
 Water

 Removes Heat.
 Formation of steam aids by reducing oxygen content
in vicinity.
 Cools the surrounding surfaces.

 Mechanical Foam
 Excludes air from the flammable vapours.
 Eliminates vapour release from fuel surface.
 Separates the flames from the fuel surface
• Protein Foam

• Hydrolysed Animal or vegetable protein

• Slow

• FFFP Foam(Film Forming Flouro Proteins)

• Seals surface preventing vapour release
• Fast

• Synthetic Foam AFFF(Aqueous Film Forming Foam)

• Seals surface preventing vapour release
• Fast
• Extended Foam Life