UNIT 3:

COASTS
PAGE 32 AND 33
PREPARED BY: MS STEPHANIE CROSS
 CHANGING COASTLINES
1. Over the years, waves change the shape of the
countries.

2.Some waves build new land, and some wear

away in others.

3.Beaches are constantly changing because of

waves, tides and winds.
 LONGSHORE DRIFT
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9EhVa4MmEs
1. Waves can move sand and pebbles along the shore.

2. Prevailing wind = most strongest and dominant wind direction

that the coastline is receiving

3. Prevailing wind blows the waves towards the short at an angle.

4. Instead of the waves flowing back in the direction it came from,

the water from the waves goes back to the beach.

5. The sands and pebbles carried by the waves will also slowly travel
along the shore in zig-zag pattern.

6. This movement = longshore drift.

 PROBLEMS CAUSED BY
LONGSHORE DRIFT
1. LSD can carry the whole beach away along the coast
within a year.

2. Holiday resorts have to pour or pump sand on their

beaches to replace the sand that has been carried away
by LSD.

3. Harbours can be blocked by sand and shingle that LSD

carries to them.
 DEPOSITION
1. Deposition = waves drop or deposit the materials they
were carrying.

2. Bay or mouth of the river makes the waves move slowly.

3. Waves no longer have the energy to carry sand and

shingle.

4. Sand and shingle will pile so high that they form a ridge
across part of the bay or river mouth.
5. Ridge = spit
6. A spit can grow all the way across a bay. It is known as bar.

7. Shallow pool water trapped behind the bar = lagoon

SAND DUNES
AND PEOPLE
 SAND DUNES
1. When the wind blows towards the land, some of the
sand will be blown along and will collect behind any kind
of shelter (stones, pieces of wood and old shoes).

2. This is known as sand dunes.

 NEW LAND FROM OLD
1. As time passes, the sand dunes may blow away or grow
bigger.

2. As more sand heaps up on them, a grass called marram

grass may start to grow on the dunes.

3. Scrubs and trees may also grow on the dunes and

eventually the sand dunes will form a new land.
4. New dunes will be forming on the seaward side of the
older ones.

5. If the wind mainly blows in the same direction, it can push

the dunes inwards burying farmland and buildings.

6. When the sand dunes stopped growing or spreading, that

place is used for grazing sheep or golf courses.
BLOW-OUTS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZhTj5DnFko
1. Sand dunes are very fragile.

2. When people walk or children play on the sand dune, they

damage the thin layer of the plants that protect the sane
dunes.

3. When there is a strong wind the next time, it will blow

through the gap in the plant cover and produce blow-out.

4. A large hole or hollow in the dunes where sand can be seen

blown away by the wind.

5. Marram and other plants take a longer time to colonise the

dunes all over again.
7. Sometimes people plant marram where the beach is in
danger of blowing away.
 THE IMPORTANCE OF SAND
DUNES.
1. As homes for a number of interesting and unusual plants
and animals.

2. Help to stop the sea flooding inland.

THANK YOU