LEARNING, GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT
Growth : • A natural process of expansion
common to all living beings.
• Spontaneous and subconscious
e. g. Growth of a child

Evolution : • A movement over time

e.g. evolution of species
• From lower to higher stages of
organization and functioning
e.g. political, economic and
social Institutions
Progress : • Improvement from one level to
higher level
• Improvement in knowledge,
skills, application, values and
attitudes
e.g. Computer section in banks
Development : • A planned conscious process
towards a set goal
• A defined growth in given time
• It can be personal, material,
social and spiritual
e.g. Industrial development,
Agricultural development
Education : A comprehensive formal system
for life is not possible for
• all the stages of life
• all knowledge and skills
• all roles and all kinds of careers

General : • General Education is for the

education growth of three H’s (Head, Heart
and Career
Education
& Hand)
• Career Education for specific
career in terms of knowledge,
skills, training and application
Life long : • Education at different stages for
education progress and career development
e.g. crash courses, in service
training programmes and
refresher courses.

Jobs •Occupational jobs - routine &

monotonous type of work-less intellect,
innovation or creativity.
e.g. Cliental Jobs
Professional jobs – knowledge &skills,
insight, intelligence foresight &hindsight
&also institution.
e.g. Job of an agricultural scientists,
computer programmers, surgeon.
Occupation : Means a trade, job, business or
vocation of an individual – principal
means – one earns a livelihood –
Earning money: principle activity –
Does not require high level of
education and professional skill
Profession : Requires a high level of education
and standard of ethical behaviors – A
professional association, process of
certification & licensing
E.g: Medicine, law, teaching,
professional accountancy and
architecture.
Training
• Refers to the acquisition of knowledge skills &
competencies

• Forms the care of apprenticeships

• Provides the back one of content at technical colleges of

polytechnics

• Often referred as a professional development

 CATEGORY
• On – the – job
* Normal working situation

* Using actual tools, equipment,

documents or materials

* Most effective vocational work

• Off – the – job

* Away from normal - not a

productive worker

* Allows to get away from work –

concentrate on training

* Most effective for training concepts

& ideas
Education
• An act or process of educating or being educated

• Knowledge or skill obtained (developed) by a learning process

• A program of instruction of a specific kind or level.

E.g. Driver education: a colleges education
Teaching
• Profession – give instruction in elementary or secondary
school or a university

• Teaching profession – a relatively new one

• Responsible for behavior, thinking & belief – parents,

elders, religious leaders and sages – Tradition

• Germany – 18th century – introduced – first formal criteria

for the education of teachers

• 19th century – society more industrialized, school concept

more universal .
• Industrialized nations – Teachers; university graduates

• Teacher – training program (general and specialized

academic, cultural or vocational courses)

• The study of educational principles

• Series of professional courses – combine practical

experience in a typical school setting

• Most countries – require professional certification –

following formal training
Learning
• An act ,process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill –
gained through school or study
• Learning includes
• Associative process
• Discrimination of sense – date
• Psychomotor & perceptual learning
• Imitation
• Concept formation
• Problem solving
• Insight learning
Motivation & Morale
• To improve the intentions, desires, goals & needs – determine
human and animal behavior – needs motivation of morale

• Inquiry made – person’s motives – to explain person’s

actions
 MOTIVATION

• A non-specific energizing of all behavior

• Recruiting & directing behavior

• Adjunct to physiological mechanisms of homeostasis

(body regulates internal variables)
 MORALE

• A collective feeling or attitude in a work group

• Good manager- Keep high morale

• Tends o motivate workers in a group – achievement of

goal
 LATERAL THINKING
• A creative, imaginative – problem solving – changes one’s
perceptions & conception of a problem
• Contrasted with ‘Linear’ or ‘Logical’ thinking
• A way of handling information - fundamentally different
from conventional (: inductive / deductive) forms of
thinking
• How to avoid inconsistency- not to think – contrast
misleading
• Concepts and principles reformulated & re-organized
according to the needs of a situation.
 CONVENTIONAL THINKING

• Thinking - depended the generation of valuable ideas

• Ideas are the life blood of enterprise development
• Tend to use concepts and principles just as taught in text
books.