Diffierential Calculus

Functions
A function is a set of ordered pairs of
real numbers (x,y), in which no two
distinct ordered pairs have the same
first number
The totality of all possible values of
x is called the domain and the totality
of all possible values of y is called
range
Even and Odd Functions
A function is an even function if f(-
x)=f(x) and the graph is symmetric with
y-axis

A function is an odd function if f(-x)=-

f(x) and the graph is symmetric with
origin
 
Even and Odd Functions
Operations of Functions
Sum: f+g=f(x)+g(x)
Difference: f-g=f(x)-g(x)
Product: f•g=f(x)•g(x)
Quotient: f/g=f(x)/g(x), where in g(x)≠0
Composition: f◦g=f(x)◦g(x)
Composition of Functions
f◦g=f(g(x))

g◦f=g(f(x))

f◦f=f(f(x))

g◦g=g(g(x))
Composition of Functions
Limit of a Function

Right Hand Limit

Left Hand Limit

Basic Limits
Example
Theorem on Limits
Example
Continuity Functions
Example
Example
Differentiation
Standard Formulas
Differentiation
Logarithmic Functions

Exponential Functions
Differentiation
Trigonometric Functions
Differentiation
Inverse Trigonometric Function
Differentiation
Hyperbolic Functions
Differentiation
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
Example
Example
Example
Implicit Differentiation
Chain rule
Related Rates
Related Rates
Indeterminate Forms
0/0, ∞ /∞
 ∞-∞, 0•∞
00, ∞∞
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Maxima and Minima
First Derivative Test
◦ The function, y=f(x) is a maximum at
x=a if
y´>0 for x<a
y´=0 for x=a
y´<0 for x>a
◦ The function, y=f(x) is a minimum at
x=a if
y´<0 for x<a
y´=0 for x=a
y´<0 for x>a
FDT
x<-1 y´>0
x=-1 y´=0 (-1,3) is max
-1<x<1 y´<0
x=1 y´=0 (1,-1) is min
x>1 y´<0
Second Derivative Test
The function y=f(x) is maximum at x=a
if f´(a)=0 and f´´(a)<0
The function y=f(x) is minimum at x=a
if f´(a)=0 and f´´(a)>0
Iff´(a)=0 and f´´(a)=0, the test is
inconclusive
FDT
-1<x<0 y´>0
x=0 y´=0
0<x<1 y´>0
Applied Maxima and Minima
Problems
1. Find the equation of tangent and
normal line to the ellipse 4x2+9y2=25
at point (2,-1)
2. Find the tangents of slope 2 to the
circle x2+y2=5.
Problems
3. A closed right circular cylindrical tank
that is to have a capacity of 128π cu.
m. Find the dimensions of the tank
that will require the least amount of
material in making it.
Problems
4. A man in a rowboat, 6 miles away
straight from the shore desires to reach a
point on the shore which is 10 miles from
his present position. If he can walk
4mi./hr. and row 2mi./hr. in what direction
should he row in order to reach his
destination in shortest possible time.