3.

4 INTERNAL LOAD SCHEDULE

Internal heat gains from people, lights, motors, appliances, and equipment

can contribute the majority of the cooling load in a modern building. As

building envelopes have improved in response to more restrictive energy

codes, internal loads have increased because of factors such as increased

use of computers and the advent of dense-occupancy spaces. Internal

heat gain calculation techniques are identical for both heat balance (HB)

and radiant time series (RTS) in reference to cooling-load temperature

difference calculation methods (CLTD) of ASHRAE, so internal heat gain

data are presented here independent of calculation methods.

(a) Internal Load (People) [14]

Based on ASHRAE Chapter 18-18.3

Given on Table 1 of ASHARE, representative rates at which sensible heat

and moisture are emitted by humans in different states of activity. In high-

density spaces, such as auditoriums, these sensible and latent heat gains

comprise a large fraction of the total load. Even for short term occupancy,

the extra sensible heat and moisture introduced by people may be

significant. On table 3, summarizes design data for common conditions.

The conversion of sensible heat gain from people to space cooling load is

affected by the thermal storage characteristics of that space because

some percentage of the sensible load is radiant energy. Latent heat gains

are usually considered instantaneous, but research is yielding practical

models and data for the latent heat storage of and release from common

building materials.