B.
Poor Dominance/Overshooting/UL limited
1. Too much Up-Tilt or High CPICH Power
• Too much up-tilt with respect to target coverage area (planning), will result to bigger
DL coverage but limited in UL coverage that result to poor user experience. Generally
mechanical tilt is standardized based on antenna height vs. ISD, then electrical tilt as
a priority to balance the DL coverage.
• CPICH power must be on the 5%-10% range with respect to maximum DL power to
maintain power balance in DL/UL and penetration loss.
2. High Antenna Height
• High sites are defined as sites who are too high compared to the inter-site distance
and coverage objective.
• High sites will cause interference to other sites as the RF is harder to control from a
high site. Also, will get too much traffic as they commonly cover too large an area.
• To initially produce potentially high sites, it is recommended to set parameters
antenna height > 40m and with ratio antenna height / ISD > 5 or 6%.
3. Overlap Coverage
• Azimuth optimization includes angle separation between antenna from intra NodeB
and neighbours. Antenna azimuth should not be directed along the road to avoid
overshooting.
4. Cross-feeder
• After drive test and before RF optimization analysis, RF engineer have to verify
serving cells’ dominance first to make sure all cells are propagating properly to their
intended coverage area.
• Cross-feeders need to be fixed on site and trace the feeder to swap based on
engineering sector plan.
5. Land Terrain, Establishments and Buildings
• Sites built on the mountain or mountain slopes tend to overshoot on the low lands
due to high terrain with respect to sea level. The planning team need to consider this
scenario to apply proper antenna type (low gain) and height.
• Antennas that are facing glass building/materials tend to reflect and overshoot. Need
to re-pan or tilt in optimum coverage area to avoid reflection.
5. Planning and Engineering
• Bad antenna positioning /installation- these sites have antennas mounted
inappropriately for the coverage objective. This could be a result of recent
modifications to the site by other operators/entities or simply poor planning.
Antennas mounted with fixed bracket cannot be down-tilted which result to
overshooting even with maximum electrical tilt.
• Bad antenna type - these sites have antenna types either inappropriate for the
coverage objective or from manufacturers of questionable quality leading to
unpredictable cell footprints. Usually a result of poor antenna strategy and planning,
such as high gain antenna on a mountain slopes can cause overshooting.
Coverage Analysis Work FLow

Start Analysis A B C D E
Poor Coverage (RSRP) Poor Dominance Handover Problem Bad Ec/No Pilot Pollution

Compare measurements with target quality and Non-optimum RF Missing neighbor High Load Non-optimum RF
Non-optimum RF
coverage thresholds Antenna blocking High RTWP High antenna height
High antenna height
Hardware/Availability Clock sync alarm Overlap Coverage
Overlap Coverage
Land terrain Truncation Land Terrain
No Land Terrain
CPICH RSCP => target Planning/Engineering Parameter discrepancy Planning/Engineering
threshold -92 dBm Planning/Engineering

Cross feeder
Yes

A CPICH Ec/No => target

No
Handover fail OR
No
Amount of SC within 5dB
Yes

threshold -14 dBm Detected RSCP > Active RSCP RSCP from best SC >3
Poor
Coverage
Yes Yes No 1. Pilot pollution
E 2. High SHO overhead
C Handove Bad
No r
D
Dominance Area OK? Ec/No
PRACH > ISD is <10% Problem
or SHO OH is <50%

Yes
1. Overshooting
B 2. UL coverage limited
Good coverage
3. Cross-feeder
 Discrepancy Check in RF Design

LTE 2100 Standard Total Tilting Table LTE 1800 Standard Total LTE 900 Standard Total
Antenna Vertical Beamwidth 6-7.5
Tilting Table Tilting Table
Antenna Height
Antenna Vertical Beamwidth 6-7.5 Antenna Vertical Beamwidth 6-7.5
ISD 15 20 25 27 29 30 35 38 40 45 50 Antenna Height
Site To Site 300 7  8  8  8  9  9  9  10  10  10  11 
15 20 25 27 29 30 35 38 40 45 50 Site To Site
Distance(ISD) 400 6  7  7  7  8  8  8  9  9  9  10  15 20 25 27 29 30 35 38 40 45 50
Distance(ISD)
500 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10
300 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 10 560 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9
400 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 300 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 12
600 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 400 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10
500 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
700 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 500 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10
560 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
600 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
800 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 560 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10
700 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 810 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 600 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10
800 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 900 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 700 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10
810 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 1000 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 800 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10
900 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 810 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10
1100 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7
1000 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 900 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10
1200 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7
1100 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 1000 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10
1220 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 1100 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
1200 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7
1300 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 1200 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
1220 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7
1300 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7
1400 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 1220 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
1400 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 1300 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
1500 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 1600 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 1400 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9
1600 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 1700 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 1500 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9
1700 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 1800 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 1600 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9
1800 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 1700 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9
1900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
1900 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 1800 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9
2000 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 1900 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8
2000 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2100 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6
2100 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 2000 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8
2200 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 2100 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8
2200 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6
2300 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 2300 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2200 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8
2400 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 2400 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2300 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8
2500 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2500 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2400 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8
2600 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2600 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2500 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
2700 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2600 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
2700 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2800 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 2700 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
2800 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2900 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 2800 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8
2900 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2900 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8
3000 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6
3000 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3000 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8

Note: 1. Standard total tilting is defined for antenna vertical beam width(VBM) 6-7.5 degree. If wider VBM, can be more total tilting and adjustable as per
actual scenarios.
2. For any exceptional (cannot be covered by above table) like antenna placed in mid of rooftop may have shadow effect, hilly area etc. Can be flexible and
region team decide proper total tilting. ** Antenna height is measured from GROUND to mid of antenna.