ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT CASE STUDY

ON
SARDAR SAROVAR DAM

Under the guidance of:

Dr. N.R. Rawal
Department of Civil Engineering
Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad
PRESENTED BY :
AADITYA PRAKASH(20166031)
MARADA SIVA(20165145)
INTRODUCTION
 •The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near 
Navagam, Gujarat in India.
 Four Indian states, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan,
receive water and electricity supplied from the dam.
 The foundation stone of the project was laid out by Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru on 5 April 1961.
 The project took form in 1979 as part of a development scheme funded by
the World Bank through their 
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, to increase
irrigation and produce hydroelectricity, using a loan of US$200 million. [3
OBJECTIVE

 The construction for dam begun in 1987, but the project was stalled by the 
Supreme Court of India in 1995 in the backdrop of Narmada Bachao Andolan
 over concerns of displacement of people

 Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) prescribed the TORs for

undertaking detailed EIA study vide letter No. J-13012/50/2010-IA.II (T)
dated 29th October 2010 and its compliance is enclosed as Annexure-I.

 In India as per MoEF ,there are 9 Steps for EIA .

SCREENING

 NATURE OF PROJECT
 The proposed project is classified as ‘CATEGORY-A’ , as per the Notification
dated 14th September, 2006.
 SIZE OF PROJECT
 Sardar Sarovar dam's main power plant houses six 200 MW 
Francis pump-turbines to generate electricity and include a pumped-storage
capability. Additionally, a power plant on the intake for the main canal
contains five 50 MW Kaplan turbine-generators. The total installed capacity of
the power facilities is 1,450 MW.
SCOPING
 1) Submergence causing loss of forest and agricultural land :
In order to minimize the adverse effects of submergence it becomes necessary
• To compensate and mitigate the losses due to deforestation.
• To reduce the dam height up to a minimum possible value. After thoroughly
. examining,
dam height was finally decided FRL 138.68 m by constituted . tribunal in 1979.

 2) Loss of wild life :

• It was clarified that it will not cause any loss of flora and fauna.
• Also it will help to develop five sanctuaries.
 3) Displacement of Tribals :
• Tribals, living in submergence zone, need to be displaced elsewhere.
• Nearly 2000-3000 families may opt rehabilitation in Gujarat, which is
. manageable.
 5) Water-logging and Salinity problem:
• The problem of waterlogging and soil salinity is little serious here.
• It is so because the command areas of the projects have largely black .

soils,which have very good water retention capacity.

 6) Seismic effect of the reservoir :
• By survey, it was concluded that formation of reservoir in this area may cause .

earthquake to occur but not of destructing dimensions.

• So the dams have been designed to withstand earthquake shocks of magnitude .

6.5 (Richter scale).

 7) Health aspects :
• No risk of malaria & Schistosomiasis like diseases by irrigation facilities for 17 .

years (As studied by teams of WHO)

IMPACT PREDICTION
 1) Negative Impacts :
• Loss of forest & agricultural land.
• Loss of religious sites.
• Displacement of people coming in submergence zone of a dam.
• Water logging and salinity of irrigated land.
• Reservoir induced seismicity.
• Adverse impacts to fisheries.

 2) Positive Impacts :
• Availability of domestic water supplies.
• Overall increase in wood production.
• Development of tourism and recreation.
• Flood control.
BASE LINE DATA COLLECTION
 It describes the environmental affect of Sardar sarovar dam in Gujarat
,Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
 Submerged area(hectares) due to dam
 No of affected villages in Gujarat,Madhya Pradesh and Maharastra
ASSESMENT OF ALTERNATIVE
 The present site of dam is according to the Narmada river water flow in
Gujarat and considering the following factor
• Availability of domestic water supplies.
• Overall increase in agricultural production.
• Development of tourism and recreation.
• Flood control.
To the south west Malwa plateau, the dissected hill tracts culminate in the
Mathwar hills, located in Alirajpur district of Madhya Pradesh. Below these hills
Narmada river flows through a long, terrific gorge. This gorge extends into
Gujarat where the river is tapped by the Sardar Sarovar dam.
 The total installed capacity of the power facilities is 1,450 MW.
PUBLIC HEARING
 • A protest was being done by adivasis, farmers, environmentalists against .
. raising the height of the Sardar Sarovar dam lead by Ms. Medha Patkar and
. Baba Amte.
 • Principal ground of opposition were…
a) Non fulfillment of basic environmental conditions.
b) Insufficient plans & studies.
c) Local inhabitants not being taken into confidence. d) Insufficient .
. compensation.
 • It was a protest by the NBA that caught the World Bank’s attention and it's
. participation in these projects was cancelled in 1995.

 • In 2000–01 the project was revived but with a lower height of 110.64 meters
. under directions from SC, which was later increased in 2006 to 121.92
. meters and 138.98 meters in 2017. The water level in the Sardar Sarovar
. Dam at Kevadiya in Narmada district reached its highest capacity
at 138.68 . metres on 15 September 2019.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

 A Post Study Environmental Monitoring Programme covering various disciplines

of environment has been drawn up in the EIA Report. However, an
Environmental Monitoring Programme has already been implemented for
existing units and all the facilities for monitoring at site.
DECISION MAKING
 The Narmada Control Authority had approved a series of changes in the final
height – and the associated displacement caused by the increased reservoir,
from the original 80 m (260 ft) to a final 163 m (535 ft) from foundation.The
project will irrigate more than 18,000 km2 (6,900 sq mi), most of it in drought
prone areas of Kutch and Saurashtra.
 Height of Dam with years:
 In February 1999, the Supreme Court of India gave the go ahead for the dam's
height to be raised to 88 m (289 ft) from the initial 80 m (260 ft).
 In October 2000 again, in a 2-to-1 majority judgment in the Supreme Court,
the government was allowed to construct the dam up to 90 m (300 ft).
 In May 2002, the Narmada Control Authority approved increasing the height of
the dam to 95 m (312 ft).
 In March 2004, the Authority allowed a 15 m (49 ft) height increase to 110 m
(360 ft).
 In March 2006, the Narmada Control Authority gave clearance for the height
of the dam to be increased from 110.64 m (363.0 ft) to 121.92 m (400.0 ft).
This came after 2003 when the Supreme Court of India refused allow the
height of the dam to increase again.
 In August 2013, heavy rains raised the reservoir level to 131.5 m (431 ft),
which forced 7,000 villagers upstream along the Narmada River to relocate.
 On June 2014, Narmada Control Authority gave the final clearance to raise
the height from 121.92 m (400.0 ft) to 138.68 m (455.0 ft)
 The Narmada Control Authority decided on 17 June 2017 to raise the height
of the Sardar Sarovar Dam to its fullest height 163-meter by ordering the
closure of 30 Gates
POST AUDITING
 Report of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)
 The Second Interim Report of the Experts' Committee set up by the 
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) of the Government of India to
assess the planning and implementation of environmental safeguards with
respect to the Sardar Sarovar (SSP) and Indira Sagar projects (ISP) on the
Narmada River. The report covers the status of compliances on catchment area
treatment (CAT), flora and fauna and carrying capacity upstream, command
area development (CAD), compensatory afforestation and human health aspects
in project impact areas. Construction, on the other hand, has been proceeding
apace: the ISP is complete and the SSP nearing completion. The report
recommends that no further reservoir-filling be done at either SSP or ISP; that
no further work be done on canal construction; and that even irrigation from
the existing network be stopped forthwith until failures of compliance on the
various environmental parameters have been fully remedied.
REFERENCES

http://sardarsarovardam.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar_Sarovar_Dam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_
Forest_and_Climate_Change
http://
documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/159651468034814390
/pdf/multi-page.pdf