THE CONSEQUENCES

OF ISLAMIC WAR AND

ITS FUNDAMENTAL
By Shaikh Sharul Azhar bin Shaikh Hj Ahmad
 DISCUSSION

ISLAMIC WAR FUNDAMENTAL OF CONSEQUENCES OF

ISLAMIC WAR ISLAMIC WAR
 INTRODUCTION
◦ Islamic rules of warfare are complex, appear to be contradictory and require careful analysis.

◦ Islamic Wars are contained within a body of Islamic legal rulings that has grown over the centuries. They
reflect the preIslamic war practices of the Arab tribes, early and more recent periods of Muslim
expansion, and confrontations with Western and Eastern powers, such as the Mongols and the Crusaders.

◦ The two most important sources for Islamic law known as shariah are:

1. The Quran (the Muslim book of divine revelation)

2. The Hadith (prophetic tradition)

 َ ‫ُون ِبأَن ّ َُه ْم ُظلِ ُموا ۚ َو ِإ َّن الل َّ َه‬
ٌ ‫عل َٰىن َ ْص ِر ِه ْم لَقَ ِد‬
22:39 - ‫ير‬ َ ‫أ ُ ِذ َن لِل َّ ِذ‬
َ ‫ين يُقَاتَل‬
Permission [to fight] has been given to those who are being fought, because they were wronged. And indeed, Allah is
competent to give them victory.

ُ َ ‫ال َّ ِذ‬
ْ ‫َاس ْع َض ُهم ِببَ ْع ٍضل َّ ُه ِ ّد َم‬
‫ت‬ َ‫ينأ ْخ ِر ُجوا ِمن ِديَ ِار ِهم ِب َغيْ ِر َح ٍ ّق ِإلَّا أَن يَقُول ُوا َربُّنَا الل َّ ُه ۗ َول َْول َا َد ْف ُع الل َّ ِه الن ّ َ ب‬
- ‫ع ِزي ٌز‬ َ ‫ي‬ ٌ ّ ‫نص ُر ُه ۗ ِإ َّن الل َّ َه ل َ َق ِو‬
ُ َ‫نص َر َّن الل َّ ُه َمن ي‬ُ َ‫اس ُم الل َّ ِه ك َ ِث ًيرا ۗ َول َي‬ َ ‫ات َو َم َساجِ ُد يُ ْذك َُر ِف‬
ْ ‫يها‬ ِ ‫َص َو‬
ٌ ‫ام ُع َو ِبيَ ٌع َو َصل ََو‬
22:40
[They are] those who have been evicted from their homes without right - only because they say, "Our Lord is Allah ."
And were it not that Allah checks the people, some by means of others, there would have been demolished monasteries,
churches, synagogues, and mosques in which the name of Allah is much mentioned. And Allah will surely support those
who support Him. Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might.

ِ ‫عا ِقبَ ُة ال ْأ ُ ُم‬

- ‫ور‬ َ ‫ع ِنال ُْمنك َِر ۗ َولِل َّ ِه‬ ِ ‫الصل َا َة َوآتَ ُوا ال َّزك َا َة َوأ َ َم ُروا ِبال َْم ْع ُر‬
َ ‫وف َون َ َه ْوا‬ َّ ‫اموا‬ َ ‫َاهم ِفي ال ْأَر ِ أ‬
ُ ‫ض َق‬ ْ َ ‫ال َّ ِذ‬
ْ ُ ّ ‫ين ِإن َّمكَّن‬
22:41
[And they are] those who, if We give them authority in the land, establish prayer and give zakah and enjoin
what is right and forbid what is wrong. And to Allah belongs the outcome of [all] matters.
Reasons and Occasions of Revelation of the
Ayahs
1. The Sahabah sought permission from the Prophet to fight.
2. Ask for permission to fight the non believers (Musyrikin) .
3. When the Prophet & his Sahabah migrated to Medina, only then they are allowed to fight.
The Way of Ulama’

1. Based on the ayah .

2. Comes from‫عل‬
‫لمجهـول لاــماضى فـــ‬
‫لـــ‬ which means ‘permissible’.

3. This ayah shows the truth and the consent of God for Muslims to fight with reasons ‫عي‬
. ‫شرـ‬

4. Therefore, war is necessary in Islam to defend the religion.

Definition of war in Islam

Definition (taken from dictionary): A state of armed conflict between different countries
or different groups within a country.

Terms of Syarak :To fight for Islam against the non-believers.

Reason The War Allowed
1. To defend Islam (rather than to spread it)
2. To protect Muslims who have been removed from their homes by force
3. To protect the innocent who are being oppressed
4. Guaranteeing religious freedom and the safety of places of worship

Other reasons:

1. Maintain faith & ‘aqidah.

2. Defend from the enemy.
3. Uphold justice & eliminate fitnah.
The Ethics and Rules of War in Islam

x Killing people who recites the shahadah.

x Killing old people, women and children.

x Destroy property, plants & animals livestock.

x Tear down houses of worship.

x Burn human beings.

Wisdom of Islamic wars
1. The fate of the Muslims will be upheld and their position will be much stronger

2. Guarantees the freedom of religion

3. Peace and harmony within the community/country

4. The promise for Paradise to those who are martyred in the path of Allah.
Who are eligible to go for war?
1. Be a Muslim, although the hadith and religious opinions differ on this;
2. Have reached puberty or adulthood. Most scholars agree that legal capacity is reached at age 15. They cite a hadith about Ibn `Umar, whom
the Prophet forbade from fighting at the Battle of Uhud when he was 14 years old, but who was permitted to fi ght once he turned 15.
3. Be of sound mind (al-Nur, Verse 61);
4. Possess a free will to choose to participate in warfare (al-Saf, Verse 11: the key word anfusakum (of yourself) connotes a free will);
5. Be male, though early Islam shows contradictions. Females played a vital role in early Islamic battles; not only did they tend to the
wounded, but they engaged in combat and plundered booty as the Islamic army moved forward. In al-Bukhari, Vol. 6, hadith numbers 344-
416, five women fought alongside Muhammad in the Battle of Uhud, and one, Umm Ahmara, died while engaging a Meccan with a sword.
In the hadith collection of Muslim, Vol. 3, hadith number 1442: “Muhammad asked a woman where she got this dagger. She replied at Uhud
and used it to kill a Meccan. Muhammad was satisfied with her answer.”
6. Have their parents’ permission (in al-Bukhari’s and al-Nisa’i’s collections of hadith); and,
7. Be debt free, or have a release from his debt by his creditors. This ruling sought to avoid undue economic stress by discouraging a mass
volunteering of debtors.
8. In addition to those excluded above, slaves; those who did not have the means, equipment, or a mount for an expedition (because they were
not economically independent); the ill and handicapped; and, according to one legal school, the best Islamic jurist of a town, were all
exempt from duty
 Who is a Shahid (Martyr)?
◦ Islamic scholars were very concerned with niyah (intent). Today, Muslims confront a version of jihad that proclaims
martyrdom as its intent and validation. Among Muhammad’s sayings on the issue is, “He who has been killed to uphold the
word of God has been martyred for his sake” (al-Bukhari, Vol. 1, hadith number 223). 
◦ Muslims soldiers who die while engaging in jihad are considered martyrs in Islam
◦ al-Muwatta. Malik ibn Anas (d. 796) Here we learn that `Umar ibn al-Khattab himself longed for death as a martyr:
“martyrdom in Your way and death in the city of Your Messenger,” and defined the martyr as “the one who gives himself,
expectant of reward from Allah.”

Suicide and Hostage-Taking? Hostage-taking - absolutely is not sanctioned

Suicide is forbidden because God is the Creator of life. Neither
suicide nor voluntary or involuntary homicide are permitted,
and strict penalties are leveled against murderers.
The Impact of War on Countries and People Involved
1. Citizens in a war-torn country - wars that kill many civilian lives - both adults, children, and the elderly - many will also suffer
from injuries during the war - many will die from simple illnesses that spread during the war.
2. Large destruction of private and public property - damaged - collapsed - burned - losses reaching billions of dollars.
3. Increased social problems - depressive symptoms / stress / traumatism - especially among children - affect the future
development of human resources - other issues of increasing crime, eg: rape, theft - people are constantly in fear - many daily
activities will be disrupted.
4. Development of education sector threatened - dropout rate due to schools having to close - higher education disrupted -
universities also closed - most affected children in the long run war - because education infrastructure could not be provided.
5. Affecting many sectors of the economy - industrial - agriculture - tourism - services - trade - creates economic crises such as
inflation and unemployment.
6. Food and health crisis will be experienced by the people of the countries involved - food shortage and supply of food -
starvation and transmission of disease - deteriorating health status - many suffering from malnutrition – eg: Japan in Malaya
1941-1945 .
THANK YOU