HEAT-SETTING

SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO: SIMRAN
MISS PREETI GAUTAM BT-30952
TEXTILE 5TH SEM
JNGEC, Sunder Nagar
 Introduction

 Heat setting is a heat treatment by which shape retention, crease

resistance, resilience and elasticity are imparted to the fibers.

 Change in strength, stretch ability, softness , dye ability and

sometimes in color.

 Changes occur due to structural and chemical modification of

fibers.
Thermal behavior of synthetic fibers

 They consist of long chain molecules randomly held immediately

after spinning.
 Fibers are stretched several times their length to impart desirable
properties.
 As chains come more closer, there is increased H-bonding and van
der wall forces.
 This makes the structure more stable.
Process of thermosetting (four distinct
phrases)

1. Heating phrase

2. Penetration phrase

3. Transition and stretch phrase

4. Cooling phase
 Stages of heat setting

Heat setting can be carried out at three different stages:

 In grey condition
 After scouring

 After dyeing
 Heat setting at grey stage

 If heat setting is carried out in loom state, mineral oils and non-ionic emulsifiers can

modify the fiber.

 Structure and rubbing and perspiration fastness may be reduced due to the

solubility of disperse dye in the coning oil.

 However, grey heat setting is useful in warp knitting industry as in that material

carry less amount of lubricants.

 Yellow color due to heat setting can be removed by bleaching.

 Fabric is less sensitive to crease formation in next processes.

 Heat setting after scouring

Heat setting is done after scouring if it is suspected that:

 goods will shrink .
 Cloth has developed stretch or other properties after
scouring.
 Heat setting after dyeing

These fabric shows considerable resistance to stripping

compared with dyeing on unset fabric.
Disadvantage of this are:
 Yellow color developed can not b removed.
 Handle of cloth may get altered.
 Risk of color to get fade.
 Methods of heat setting

 Contact method
 Steam setting method
 Hydro setting method

 Heat setting using tenter frame

 Selective infra red emitter method
 Contact method

 Fabric is run in contact with heated metal surface.

 Mainly used for polyester/cotton blended fabrics.

 Width of the fabrics can not be controlled while fabrics

run flat against the roller surface.
 Variation on degree of setting can be caused due to
variation in tension.
 Steam setting method

 Short staple polyester yarn including polyester/cotton

blends are normally set by relaxation in saturated steam.
 Steaming is carried out in an autoclave fitted with vacuum
pump.
 Woven or knitted fabrics are batched in open width on to
a perforated roller and saturated steam is then injected.
 Hydro setting method

 Hydro setting or aq. Heat setting is done with hot water in a high
temperature liquid circulating machine.

 Fabric in flat form is batched onto a perforated metal cylinder and

immersed in hot or boiling water for a shorter period of time.

 Water promotes swelling and may cause hydrolysis leading to

depolymerisation.

 Hydro setting at boil is equivalent to dry setting at 185

Heat setting under tenter frame

 Stenters are widely used for stretching, drying, heat setting and finishing of fabrics.

 Fabric is held by pins mounted on base plate or by chips in which fiber edge is clamped.

 Stanter rails are divided into three sections:

1. Feeding in, with padding mangle.

2. Selvedge uncurler (for knitted goods)

3. Shrinkage apparatus

 The choice of heating system used can be direct gas, indirect steam or oil heating or

electrical heating.
Selective infra red emitter method

 Textiles are exposed under selected areas of magnetic spectrum of infra red
rays.

 Wavelength of radiation source must be chosen w.r.t the absorption band of

fiber.

 Energy is given to the internal fiber structure.

 Absorbed energy is redistributed within the structure of fiber, H-bonds and van
der wall forces binding the molecules together.

 They arrange themselves into position of lowest energy.(least stress)

 Effect of heat setting on various
properties of synthetic fibers

 Structural changes
 Dimensional stability
 Stiffness

 Crease recovery
 dyeability
THANK YOU 