B.Arch Programme, IX Semester Theory of Urban Design ARCH503

Amity School of Architecture and Planning
B.Arch Programme, IX Semester
Theory of Urban Design

ARCH503
History of Urban Design

Pre Industrial
Post Industrial
Modernist approach
Post Modernism – New Urbanism
Contents
Contents
Learning Objectives
By end of this session you will be able to

examine overall different approached
adopted for urban design.
Learning Objectives
Pre Post
History of Urban Design
Industrial Industrial
Contents
Prior to 19th Century (1800s)
Cities were structured in a comprehensible and

legible manner, they were product of culture.
Pre
Industrial
Layout of cities was mainly based on

ritual and cosmological symbols, ordered
around ceremonial procession routes, or
military, religious, and civic landmarks.
Contents
Inhabitants adapted to wider social, physical, and

spiritual order.
Pre
Communication was face-to-face and therefore
Industrial public life took place in public places.
Public realm included:

Public thoroughfares
Commercial avenues and market places
Contents Social promenades
Meeting places
Cities as centres of civilization were always

complex and dynamic, of larger cultural
dimensions and housing grand public
ceremonies.
Pre
Industrial
Most towns did not follow predetermined
plans but intuitively responded to ecological
choice, land ownership structures and
evolution of road and urban infrastructure.
Contents
6000BC 3500BC 900AD 1500AD
Prehistorical Classical Medieval Renaissance

Pre
Industrial
The concept of the Scale, proportion, Hierarchy of Cosmic theories replaced
centre, the cardinal lines of movement, buildings, visual link, by scientific explanations,
orientation, scale, the focal points, and perimeter wall design focus on aesthetics and
axis, and the wall visual linkage user perception
Contents
Renaissance Period
Regular geometrical spaces
Pre
Extensive use of principles of design
Industrial
Development of public spaces,

squares, piazzas with fountain and
sculpture
Post-Industrial era
(after 19th cent)
Industrial Age was With introduction of machinery and

characterized by capitalism
and rapid urbanization that
factory system, the great mass of Post
workforce was separated from the land,
broke down pre-industrial nature, and social life Industrial
order
Contents
Post-Industrial era
(after 19th cent)
As a living environment,
the 19th century city was its gross under-provision of public open
conspicuous in its space, educational facilities, community Post
omissions
buildings, and all those aspects that did not Industrial
attract economic profit, but which were
central to good citizen life.
Contents
Post-Industrial era
(after 19th cent)
The dark side of industrial cities

was enough to trigger a whole Post
system of reforms based on Industrial
public responsibility and
enterprises
Contents
Post-Industrial era
(after 19th cent)
Minimal standards of all

kinds (roads, housing,
gardens, building heights, Mainstream Urban design originated
e.t.c) were slowly evolved Post
in the late 19th century at the heart of
leading to improved living Industrial
standards. city planning, as civic or town design
in a social context
Contents
Post-Industrial era
(after 19th cent)
These were attempts (of planners and

engineers, architects, and social reformers)
Post
to come to grips with the problems created
Industrial
by rapid industrialization and urbanization of
the late 19th century
Contents
Post-Industrial era
(after 19th cent)
Town planning first became

institutionalized in the west in the early
Post
20th century, Urban design was largely
Industrial
seen as part of a wider structure of
comprehensive planning
Contents
Post-Industrial era
(after 19th cent)
The term itself had been coined in North

America in the late 1950s and is often
associated with Jose Luis Sert, Dean of
Harvard’s Graduate School of Design, Post
convening an ‘urban design’ conference at
Harvard in 1956 and subsequently setting up
Industrial
the first American urban design programme
at that university
Contents
Post-Industrial era
(after 19th cent)
Its existence became more relevant in

the early 1960s to fill the gap between
Post
town planning and architecture. Industrial
Contents
Post-Industrial era
(after 19th cent)
Writers and designers such as Jane

Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, Gordon Cullen,
Christopher Alexander, Aldo Rossi, Post
Ian Mc Hary, Jan Gehe played an
influential role
Industrial
Contents
References;
1. Sennett Richard 1969, Classical Essays on the Culture of Cities, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
2. http://www.udg.org.uk/about/what-is-urban-design
3. Cuthbert Alexander R, 2006, The form of Cities Political Economy and Urban Design,
Blackwell, Oxford
Thank You

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Amity School of Architecture and Planning

B.Arch Programme, IX Semester

Theory of Urban Design

History of Urban Design

By end of this session you will be able to

Prior to 19th Century (1800s)

Cities were structured in a comprehensible and

Layout of cities was mainly based on

Prior to 19th Century (1800s)

Inhabitants adapted to wider social, physical, and

Public realm included:

Prior to 19th Century (1800s)

Cities as centres of civilization were always

6000BC 3500BC 900AD 1500AD

Prehistorical Classical Medieval Renaissance

Regular geometrical spaces

Development of public spaces,

Industrial Age was With introduction of machinery and

The dark side of industrial cities

Minimal standards of all

These were attempts (of planners and

Town planning first became

The term itself had been coined in North

Its existence became more relevant in

Writers and designers such as Jane

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