Amity School of Architecture and Planning

B.Arch Programme, IX Semester

Theory of Urban Design

ARCH503
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Examples of cities from the timeline

Urban Design features of Industrial ages

with examples

Contents
Contents
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Learning Objectives

By end of this session you develop a visual

memory and would be able to remember how
certain cities look like. You will also learn how
over a timeline, various urban concepts were
developed.

Learning Objectives
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Looking at cities over the time

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 Town of Illahun (Kahun)

 Various specialized
cities with different locations, functions and
organisation
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 Reconstructed plan of the workers’ town at Qasr es-

Sagha, with a detailed plan of one of the individual
housing units.
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Plan of the town of Wah-Sut

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 Actual view and remodelling

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Plan of a Roman Forum

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1. Mosque
2. Souq
3. Citadel
4. Residential quarters
5. Street network
6. Wall

 Traditional Islamic town: Algeria

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•  Concept of ‘Ummah’ meaning

community
• Typical narrow street encourages face-
to-face affiliation between pedestrians
• Attached roofs of houses is a
reflection of trust and solidarity among
neighbours

 Models of Islamic towns

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Urban Design features of Renaissance

• regular geometric spaces (entire cities or parts of)

• the primary streets

• the public places / squares/piazzas with sculptures and fountains

• sequence and perspective.

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Urban Design features of Renaissance

Public places and primary streets showing

sequence and perspective
Map of Ferrara town in 1600
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Urban Design features of

Renaissance

• Ideas of fortress towns based on

Venetian military architecture.
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Urban Design features of Renaissance

Fortress town of
Palmanova from 15th
century
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Urban Design features of Industrial Age

Diagrammatic Plan of London, showing the volume of
passenger traffic entering London from the suburbs by railway
during the month of October, 1907.

“It is the lack of beauty, of the amenities of life, more than

anything else which obliges us to admit that our work of
town building in the past century has not been well done.
Not even the poor can live by bread alone…”

Sir Raymond Unwin, 1909

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Urban Design features of Industrial Age

Some of the concepts tested included:

• Suburban decentralization (William Morris);

• Garden city (Ebenezer Howard),
• Neighbourhood (Henrietta Barnett & Raymond Unwin),
• Conservation & the park movement (Fredrick Law Olmsted),
• Artistic City Planning (Camillo sitte)
• Linear city (Soria Y Matta),
• Ideal industrial city (Tony Garnier)
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Garden city (Ebenezer Howard),

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Schematic diagram showing details of Howard’s

Garden city

Letchworth Garden City [the first "Garden City"]

Planned by [Sir] Raymond Unwin and Richard Barry Parker 1904 (Left)
Plan of Welwyn Garden City (Right)
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Garden Suburb,
Raymond Unwin and Richard Barry Parker in association with Edwin Landseer Lutyens Not a garden city but a
garden suburb; it had no
industry, and was openly
dependent on commuting
from adjacent tube station,
which opened just as it
was being planned.
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Ideal industrial city (Tony Garnier)

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Ideal industrial city (Tony Garnier)

• Garnier ‘s proposal was an industrial city for approx 35.000
inhabitants situated on a area in southeast France on a
plateau with high land and a lake to the north, a valley and
river to the south.
• He envisaged a town of segregated uses with a residential
area, a train station quarter and an industrial zone. Concept
of zoning was strongly similar with Ebenezer Howard
Garden Cities.
• The city of labor divided into Four main Functions: Work,
housing, health and leisure.
• The public area at the heart of the city was grouped into three
sections:
• Administrative services and assembly halls, museum
collections and sport facilities.
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Linear city (Soria Y Matta)

The concept included one central avenue lined with

ribbons of buildings. The avenue would take care of
transportation of people and goods on both rail and road.
The development would stretch through the countryside
and would thereby encourage agricultural production
along the linear city and raise living standards
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Other Linear models

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Floating City, Noriaki Kisho Kurokawa

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Other examples/concepts to study:

• City for 3 million, Le Corbusier

• Broad acre city, Frank Llyod Wright
• Tokyo city plan, Kenzo Tange
• New Jersey plan, Radburn
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References;
1. https://brewminate.com/towns-and-houses-in-middle-and-new-kingdom-egypt/
2. http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/2011_garden_cities_links
_en.shtml
3. Rural Densification and the Linear City a Thought Experiment, Thesis by DENNIS
SÖDERHOLM, KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF
ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, Stockholm, Sweden.
4. Sennett Richard 1969, Classical Essays on the Culture of Cities, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
5. The American City: What Works and What Doesn't
by Alexander Garvin (1995)
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Thank You