RECYCLING OF PLASTIC AND GLASS WASTE

INTO BRICKS

PROJECT REPORT

submitted by

ALTHAF
HUSSAIN(YCE17CE011)

RAMSHAD S
( YCE17CE060)

SUDINA N (SHM17CE015)

to
the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of B.
Tech Degree in Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

Younus College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam
DECEMBER, 2020
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Younus College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this report entitled ‘Recycling of plastic and glass waste into bricks is the
report of the project presented by ALTHAF HUSSAIN (YCE17CE021) Ramshad S
(YCE17CE060), SUDINA N (SHM17CE015) during the year 2020 in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Civil Engineering of the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University.

Ms. Susan k Thomas

(Guide)
Assistant Professor
Dept.of Civil Engineering

YCET, Kollam

Mrs. Aleena A Lathif Mrs. Raji R

(Project coordinator) (Head of the Department)
Assistant Professor Professor
Dept.of CivilEngineering Dept.of Civil Engineering
YCET, Kollam YCET,Kollam
ABSTRACT

As natural aggregate sources are becoming depleted due to high demand in construction
industry and the amount of disposed waste material keeps increasing, researchers are
exploring the use of alternative materials which good preserve natural resources and save
the environment. In this study, utilization of molten plastic waste as full substitution of
cement and broken glasses as partial substitution of aggregate with fine river sand for the
production of bricks is a partial solution to environmental and ecological problems.

This project is a humble attempt to find out the suitability of plastic and glass waste into
the production of glass, plastic brick. Quality control test of samples of prepared material
are conducted and compared with the standard material specification.Plastic is a non-bio-
degradable substance which takes thousands of years to decompose that creates land as
well as water pollution to the environment. The quantity of plastic waste in Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW) is expanding rapidly and Million tons of waste glass is being
generated annually all over the world. Once the glass becomes a waste it is disposed as
landfills,which is unsustainable as this does not decompose in the environment. The uses of
this waste material also can reduce the amount of environmental pollutants such as water
and soil pollution. This is one of the best ways to avoid the accumulation of plastic and
glass waste. It also helps to conserve energy, reduce the overall cost of construction and
hence in this project, an attempts made to manufacture the plastic brick by utilizing the
plastics and glass waste.

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 CONTENTS

ABSTRACT i

CONTENTS ii

1 INTRODUCTION
1

1.1 Need of study 2

1.2 Objectives 2
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 3
3 METHODOLOGY 5
4 SCHEDULE 6
5 REFERENCES 7
6 DECLARATION 8

2
 1. INTRODUCTION

Most industrial and domestic activities are associated with significant amounts of non-
biodegradable solid waste, which include a wide range of plastic and glass waste. The
research studies to be undertaken intended to determine the efficiency of reusing waste
plastic and broken glass in production of hollow plastic brick. Utilization of these waste
materials is a partial solution to environmental and ecological Problems. Use of plastic and
glass not only helps in getting them utilized in such types of material, it helps in reducing
the cost of concrete making.

Aggregates are used in a variety of building applications, and can be said to be the largest
quantity of material used in any industry. Almost all aggregates are produced from natural
resources such as gravel pits, river beds and rock quarries. In addition to depleting these
natural resources, mining for aggregates also poses serious environmental risks like
disturbance of natural habitats and creating open areas with no vegetation, therefore
recycling of this material has also indirect benefits such as reduction landfill cost, saving
energy, and protecting the environment from possible pollution effects. At a time when
landfill space is becoming almost impossible due to increasing land value, then recycling
and reuse of wastes as beneficial products should be strongly encouraged and examined.
One potentially strong and viable market is to develop recyclable wastes into construction
material, a common material used throughout the construction industry. The reuse of waste
materials in building construction is a great idea, and the high demand for construction
materials makes them a favorable medium in which to reuse

recyclable materials.
The project aims at determining the effect of plastic and glass waste in the production of
bricks.human apply all of its potentiality to consume more.The result of this high
consumption is nothing unless reducing the initial resources and increasing the landfill. In
recent times,human from the one hand is always seeking broader sources with lower price
and from the other hand is following the way to get rid of the wastes.The waste today can
be produced wherever humans footprints be existed, and remind him that they have not
chosen the appropriate method for exploitation of the nature. This project introduces the
development and low cost housing in India.
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1. NEED OF THE STUDY

As nowadays,the concrete hollow brick that in the market are heavy and the price are
costly.The project will helps to produce the light weight plastic brick are more affordable
because the waste materials such as plastic and glass waste are used in the development
of bricks.The project aims at determining the production of plastic brick from plastic
and glass waste. In addition, it is also intended to protect the environment from the
accumulation of waste materials that can affect the ecosystem and environment
especially to wildlife and humans.

2. OBJECTIVES

The various objectives of the project are:

 Determination of physical properties plastic,glass and aggregates.

 To prepare the glass - plastic bricks samples with trial mix proportion of
varying amount of plastic,glass and aggregates are tested .
 To determine the compressive strength,breaking strength,quality and the ability
of bricks with various temperature.
 To determine the Durability of Glass-plastic bricks by acid resistance test.

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 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

The project aim for the production of Glass-plastic bricks by recycling the plastic and glass
waste.The reuse of waste materials in building construction is a great idea, and the high
demand for construction materials makes them a favorable medium in which to reuse
recyclable materials.

Different journals referred for this study are:

G. M. Sadiqul Islam a, M. H. Rahman b,Nayem Kazi (2016) conducted a study of

Waste glass powder as partial replacement of cement for sustainable concrete practice.In
general, considering the similar performance with replaced material, glass addition can
reduce cost of cement production up to 14%. In addition, production of every six ton glass
powder concrete results in the reduction of each ton CO2 emission from cement production
and save the environment significantly by reducing green-house gas and particulate
production.Generally, the high surface area of milled waste glass changes the kinetics of
chemical reaction toward beneficial pozzolanic reaction utilizing the available alkalis
before production of a potential ASR gel. However, further research on durability and ASR
aspects of glass replaced concrete is required to suggest this material for sustainable
concrete practice.

Diptikar Behera, Yirgalem Damtew, Aman Mola,Sushma, DSV Prasad, M

AnjanKumar, GVR Prasada Raju (2014) carried out a Study on Strength of plastic and
glass waste. The research was conducted with local equipment as replacement of extruder,
shredder and hydraulic mould machine, those are fire drum, hammer and manual mould
respectively, that leads the work tedious and has equipment limitation, due to this the
overall result of the material quality may reduce, but if there is equipment modification
the result will be improved compared to the traditional one. Because of material
constrained the researchers have not conduct full research for the effect of glass fiber on
block, floor and roof tile products and due to lack of material quality test laboratory the
researchers couldn’t conduct all necessary quality tests that govern the material quality
and specification.

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Nor Baizura Hamid, Siti Noraiza Ab Razak, Mardiha Mokhtar, Mohd Erwan Sanik,
Masiri Kaamin, Ahmad Hakimi Mat Nor, Mohd Zakwan Ramli (2014) conducted a
Study of development of Paving Blocks using Waste Materials.The material that use for
paving blocks has been widely changed where there are many of paving blocks are added
or replaced with the used materials or wastes materials to reduce environmental pollutions
besides can improve its strength and also their mechanical properties. From the literature
study, there are many researchers use waste materials as the aggregate and cement
replacement to create paving blocks. The materials used are plastic, fly ash, bottom ash, tin,
limestone dust, tiles, rubber, coconut fiber, glass and so on which these materials are
available in cheaper price or free of charge.

R. K. Watile,S. K. Deshmukh1 , H.C.Muley (2014) presented the Interlocking brick for

sustainable housing development.The use of interlocking bricks masonry has gained rapid
popularity in many foreign countries as an alternative to conventional bricks for sustainable
housing.Strength of interlocking bricks with increasing fly ash increases with the age. All
mix proportions gives satisfactory higher values of compressive strength.Interlocking
bricks with economically available fly ash in large proportion have sufficient strength for
their use in low cost housing, non-load bearing construction and
in regions where good quality burnt clay bricks are not available

Truptimala Pattnaik , Nihar Ranjan Mohanta,Niharika Patel (2012) conducted a study

on manufacture of interlocking concrete paving blocks with fly ash and glass
powder.Problems associated with construction site have been known for many years.
Construction industry has to support a world of continuing population growth and
economic development.The rising costs of construction materials and the need to adhere to
sustainability, alternative construction techniques and materials are being sought. To
increase the applications of concrete paving blocks, greater understanding of products
produced with locally available materials and indigenously produced mineral admixtures is
essential. In the present investigation, concrete paving blocks may be produced with locally
available cement, aggregates, fly ash and waste glass powder as the mineral admixture.
Different mix proportions are prepared using cement replaced by equal quantity of fly ash
and waste glass powder. The study indicated that fly ash and waste glass powder can
effectively be used as cement replacement without substantial change in strength.

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 3. METHODOLOGY

The methodology of the study is shown below:

COLLECTION OF MATERIALS

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

SPECIMEN MAKING

TESTS ON BRICKS (compressive strength, water absorption

test, Acid resistance test)

OPTIMISATION OF MIX

VIABILITY AND COST ANALYSIS

COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL

BRICKS

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 4. SCHEDULE

DATE WORK

03/02/2021 - 12/02/2021 Collection of waste materials and aggregates

13/02/2021 - 22/02/2021 Determination of properties of the materials and

aggregates collected

23/02/2021 - 02/03/2021 Test on aggregates include compressive test,water

absorption test,Efflorescence test

05/03/2021 - 18/03/2021 Trial mix proportion

20/03/2021 - Casting,comparison and testing of hollow plastic

03/04/2021 block includes (flow test,mortar compressive strength
test,mortar strength test,temperature test)
Preparation of project report
05/04/2021 - 11/04/2021

12/04/2021 - 14/04/2021 Project report binding

15/04/2021 Project submission

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 5. REFERENCES

1Wurpel, G. and Van den Akker, Plastics do not belong in the ocean, towards a roadmap for
a clean North Sea, 2011.
2 Bernan Blazer bird, How to transfer plastic waste in to bottle brick, 2015.
3Pratima A. Patel, Akash Shah, Henish Patel, Waste plastic bottles offering innovative
building materials with sustainable
application, International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering,
Volume 3, Issue 3, 2016
4Temitope AK and Abayomi OO, A Pilot Recycling of Plastic Pure Water Sachets/Bottles
into Composite Floor Tiles, A Case
Study from Selected Dumping Site in Ogbomoso, J Material Science Engineering 4: 201,
April 2015
5Ganesh Tapkire, Satish parihar, Innovative and Sustainable Application of PET Bottle a
Green Construction Overview, Indian
Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10(16), 2017.
6Aeslina Abdul Kadir,Use of waste plastic in flexible pavements, International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology
Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2017.
7Fahad Mohammad, Producing green concrete using waste plastic, International journal of
engineering science, Vol. 5, No. 3,
2016.
8Inamdar Avadhut, Abhishek Sangar, Manufacturing and Testing Of Plastic Sand Bricks,
International Journal of Science and
Engineering Research, Vol 5, 2017.
9Liliana Ávila, Recycled Window Glass for Non-Load Bearing Walls, International Journal
of Innovation, Management and
Technology, Vol. 3, No. 6, December 2012.
10Fernando Ureña Nuñez, and Alejandro Loza Yañez, Manufacturing of Concrete Paving
Block by Using Waste Glass Materials,
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, June 2016.
11 A.P. Luz, S. Ribeiro, Use of glass waste as a raw material in porcelain
Stoneware tile mixtures, Faculty of Chemical Engineering of Lorena, Ceramics
International 33 (2007) 761–765

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 DECLARATION

As per the KTU syllabus of seminar and project preliminary CE451 in the seventh semester
, we hereby declare that we will continue with our project topic “RECYCLING OF
PLASTIC AND GLASS WASTE INTO BRICKS" in the eighth semester by same
project team.

SUDINA N SHM17CE105
RAMSHAD S YCE17CE060
ALTHAF HUSSAIN YCE17CE011