可以表示时间 , 原因 , 结果 , 条件 ,

行为方式或伴随动作等。
If you use your head
1).Using your head, you’ll find a
good way. 条件状语
Working hard, you’ll surely
succeed. If you work hard
 Because he was poor
2). Being poor, he couldn’t afford a
TV set. ( 原因 )
As we don’t know her address

Not knowing her address, we

can’t get in touch with her.
3). Noticing the success of R&B music,
white musicians began to copy the
style.
时间 After they noticed the success of...

4). His father died, leaving the family

even worse off.
结果

and this left the family even worse off

 5) Four people entered the room looking
around in a curious way. 伴随状语
= Four people entered the room and
looked around in a curious way.
6) He came running back to tell me the
news. 方式
 现在分词作状语的几种形式
1. 一般形式：现在分词的动作和谓语动词的
动作同时发生用： doing
Hearing the sad news, she burst into
tears.
2. 完成式：当分词的动作先于谓语动词的动
作发生用分词的完成式： having done
Having finished the class, she went
home.
3. 进行被动式： being done
Being criticised by the teacher, the
boy hung his head.
4. 完成被动式： having been done
Having been praised for his job,
Tom worked harder.
Not having received the reply, he
decided to write another one.
注意：
1. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与
主句中主语一致。它们之间是主动关系。
被动则用 V-ed.
但是短语 generally speaking; judging
from/by; compared with; supposing;
to tell you the truth 等是固定搭配。不
受主语影响。
Judging from his face, he was very
angry.
2. 作状语的 V-ing 形式和句子之间通常有
一个逗号隔开，不能用并列连词。
Studying hard, and you will pass the
entrance examination to college. F
Studying hard, you will pass the entrance
examination to college. T
Study hard, and you will pass the
entrance examination to T
college.
3. 为了使 V-ing 形式作状语所表达的
意思更为明确。可在 V-ing 前加适
当的连词（ when ;while; if ; though;
unless 等）
While waiting for the bus, he met
Mary.
 单句改错
1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell
you what I think of it. Not having
2. The men worked for extra hours got an
extra pay. working
3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find
the city more beautiful. Seeing
4. Generally speak, facial expressions are
helpful communications, too. speaking
5. “Can’t you read?” the man said
angrily, pointed to the notice on the wall.
pointing
6. Knocking at the door before entering,
please. Knock
7. European football is played in 80
countries, made it the most popular sport
in the world. making
 Choose the best answer.
1. The stranger said something in a
_______ voice and the little girl was very
much _______.
A. frightening, frightened
B. frightened, frightening
C. frightening, frightening
D. frightened, frightened
2. ________the piano, someone suddenly
knocked at the door.
A. Playing
B. When I was playing
C. Repairing
D. Examining
3. Mother caught the boy ______ in the
corner.
A. smoke
B. to smoke
C. being smoked
D. smoking
4. ______ the program, they have to
stay there for another 2 weeks.
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
5. “We can’t go out in this weather”,
said Bob, ____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look
C. looked D. having looked
6. Though _____ money, his parents
managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
7. The bell _______ the end of the period
rang, ______ our heated discussion.
A. indicating; interrupting
B. indicated; interrupting
C. indicating; interrupted
D. indicated; interrupted
8. _______ such heavy pollution
already, it may now be too late to
clean up the river.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
9. He looked around and caught a man
______ his hand into the pocket of a
passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden
carriage _____ the girl and took her
away, ____ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared
B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing
D. seized; disappearing
11. ______in the queue for half an hour.
Tom suddenly realized that he had left
his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited
12. The picture _____ on the wall is
painted by my nephew.
A. Having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
13. Generally speaking, ______
according to the directions, the drug has
no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
1. I was told that there were about 50 foreign
students _____ Chinese in
the school, most _____ were from Germany.
（ 2006 年 辽宁卷）
A. study; of whom         
B. study; of them
C. studying; of them       
D. studying; of whom
2. Don’t sit there ________ nothing.
Come and help me with this table.

（ 2006 年 湖北卷）
A. do 
B. to do 
C. doing 
D. and doing
3. —Come on, please give me some
ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ____
my mind, I almost break down.
(2007 年 福建卷）
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
4. —Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don’t allow ______
here. (2007 年 江苏卷）
A. people smoking
B. people smoke
C. to smoke
D. smoking