Lte Planning With Atoll Tno 003

LTE Planning with ATOL
Tomas Novosad
Soc Classification level

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Atoll GUI
Map Window
Atoll GUI Legend Window
Explorer
Window
Panoramic View
Point Analysis
Window

Network Design Workflow

LTE PLANNING WITH ATOLL
•Open Network plan
•Set computation zone

– To have clear definition of analyzed area
– To reduce calculations

Set Computation Zone (Polygon) – in red

Network Entities
Networks Consist of Base Stations Comprising
• Sites = Locations
Network Design
– Geographical locations(1/2)
of base stations
– Can support one or more transmitters
– Sites database can be shared with Atoll Microwave
• Transmitters = Radio Aerials
– Comprises radio transmission/reception parameters and antennas
– Can handle one or several antennas and MIMO systems
– Can be linked to a TMA, feeder cables, and other equipment
– Can have up to two path loss matrices: a high-resolution path loss
matrix for precise results near the transmitter and a low-resolution path
loss matrix for interference calculation far from the transmitter
– Supports cells (carriers) with parameters defined at cell level
• Other base station parameters
– Cyclic prefix, PDCCH and PUCCH channel overheads, switching point
periodicity for TDD frames, uplink power control margin
Path Loss Settings

Network Entities
Networks Consist of Base Stations Comprising
• Cells = Radio Channels
– Hardware unit supporting an RF channel, i.e., 1 cell = 1 carrier
– Has a certain traffic capacity limited by the channel bandwidth
– Main properties of a Cell:
 Channel (frequency band, channel number, and bandwidth)
 Transmission power
 Reception equipment
 Scheduler
 Maximum number of simultaneous active users
 AMS threshold (Adaptive MIMO Switching)
 Uplink and downlink traffic loads
 Uplink noise rise
 TDD frame configuration
 Antenna diversity support (Transmit Diversity, Spatial Multiplexing, AMS)
 Neighbours

Definition of LTE Network Parameter Settings
Frequencies
LTE Bearers
• Coding Schemes & Modulation
• Coding Rate
• Bit/symbol
Quality Indicators
• BLER, BER, PER
Schedulers
MIMO Configurations
Global Parameter Settings (PC, Fixed Contr. Channel
Overhead) via Properties

LTE Parameter settings
Services
• Use/define/edit the service according their behavior
• FTP Download
• VoIP
• Video Conferencing
• Web Browsing
• Any other profile if needed
User Profiles
• Possible to define different kind of users which differ in
service usage pattern.

Frequency Bands
• Atoll can model multi-band networks within the same document
• Pre-defined frequency bands
• Possibility to easily create / modify frequency bands
• Support for multiple channel bandwidths and different sampling
frequencies
• TDD and FDD frequency bands supported

LTE Bearers Settings
LTE Bearers
Bearer = Modulation and coding scheme
• User-selectable modulations (e.g. BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM,
64QAM)
• User-definable coding rates (e.g. 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, etc.)
• User-definable bearer efficiencies (useful bits per symbol)

NSN Setting of bearers (in line with dim tool)
Bearer efficiency divided by

# bits per modulation User bits per
symbol (2 for QPSK, 4 for modulation symbol as
Soc Classification level 16QAM and 6 for 64QAM per dimensioning tool
Reception (UL/DL) Settings
Reception Equipment
• Bearer selection thresholds for automatic link adaptation
based on CINR values
• Channel quality indicator graphs based on CINR values
• Both used to model reception characteristics at the mobile
(DL) and at the cell (UL):
Peak Channel Throughput (without errors) / Effective Channel
Throughput (with errors)

Setting of NSN MCS modulation thresholds to be
in line with dimensioning tool or other agreed data
ATOLL

Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems
• Base stations and user equipment support MIMO systems
• Numbers of transmission and reception antenna ports at the base
station and user equipment
• Modelling of three MIMO systems:
– Transmit diversity
– Spatial Multiplexing
– Adaptive MIMO Switch (AMS)
• Transmit Diversity improves the C/(I+N)
 Usually used in coverage areas with bad radio conditions
• Spatial Multiplexing improves throughput
 Usually used in coverage areas with good radio conditions
• AMS-capable equipment can switch from Spatial Multiplexing to
Transmit Diversity as the radio conditions worsen

MIMO and LA Settings
Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems

• Max MIMO gain graph for Spatial Multiplexing
– Maximum possible gain in channel capacity
• Transmit Diversity gains per antenna configuration
• Transmit Diversity gain offsets and SM gain factor defined per

clutter class
Services Settings
Services
• Modelling of Voice and Data services
• Support for service priorities
considered for scheduling and RRM
• Modelling of traffic demand parameters:
– Minimum throughput demand = GBR
– Maximum throughput demand = MBR
– Activity factor for voice type services
• Modelling of application layer overheads
Mobility Types
• Modelling of mobile speed
• Used for bearer selection, and channel quality indicator
graphs

Terminal Equipment Properties
Terminal Types (UE)
• Reception equipment
• Antenna
– You can assign a directional antenna
which is considered in calculations
• Minimum and maximum transmission
powers
• Gain, losses, and noise figure
• Optional MIMO support
• Number of transmission and reception
antennas (MIMO)
• User Profiles
• Define service usage characteristics for
different types of users

Traffic Modeling
• Traffic can be modelled using traffic maps and subscriber lists

• You can work with different types of traffic maps:
– Raster traffic maps
– Vector traffic maps Subscribers
– Live traffic maps Live Traffic Data

– Traffic density maps Vector Traffic Data
Raster Traffic Data

Calculations on Subscriber Lists
Subscriber Lists
• Contain lists of fixed subscribers with related parameters
• Used for Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) network design
• Subscriber lists can be created using the mouse or imported from txt or csv
files
• Can be displayed on the map according to different parameters
• Main parameters:
– Subscriber ID
– Subscriber Name
– Location: X and Y coordinates
– Height of the antenna
– User profile (services usage)
– Terminal type (can use a directional antenna)
– Serving transmitter and cell (user-defined or calc.)
– Azimuth and downtilt (user-defined or calculated)

Calculations on Subscriber Lists
Results include:
– Serving transmitter and cell
– Azimuth and downtilt towards the serving cell
– Received power from other cells at the serving cell
– DL and UL C/(I+N) values, bearers, channel throughputs, diversity
mode, etc.

Coverage Prediction Plots
•Signal level based coverage plots:
– Best server plot
– Coverage by signal level
– Multiple server coverage
– RSRP and CNR coverage plots
•LTE-specific CINR-based coverage plots:
– Based on user-defined cell loads or on Monte Carlo simulation results
– A default UE is considered that may have a directional antenna
(oriented towards the serving cell)
– DL and UL CINR and interference plots
– DL and UL best bearer coverage plots
– DL and UL throughput coverage plots
 Peak and Effective RLC Channel Throughputs
 Application Level Channel Throughputs

Coverage Prediction Examples
Coverage by Signal Level Number of Servers

Coverage Prediction Examples
Coverage by DL CINR Coverage by UL CINR

HISTOGRAM BY PULL DOWN MENU
km ²
4.48
4.16
3.84
3.52
3.2
2.88
2.56
2.24
1.92
1.6
1.28
0.96
0.64
0.32
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
29
30
25
C/ ( I+ N) Le v e l ( DL) ( dB)

Monte Carlo Simulations
– Can be performed in order to study the network
response to a given amount of traffic
– Can be based on traffic data from traffic maps
and subscriber lists
– A snap-shot analysis of the network’s behaviour
under traffic conditions
– Monte Carlo distribution of mobile users and
services
– Calculation of user parameters (CINR, power
control,
noise rise, resource allocation, etc.)
– Scheduling and Radio Resource Management
based on service priorities and different schedulers:
• Proportional Fair
• Proportional Demand
• Max Aggregate Throughput
– Allocation of resources according to service
priorities

Monte Carlo Simulation Results
•For each cell
• UL and DL traffic loads
• UL noise rise
• Calculation of aggregate cell throughputs for UL and DL
(Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Level)
• Other results and statistics
• For each mobile

• Serving transmitter and cell
• Azimuth and downtilt (towards the serving cell)
• Received power from and at the serving cell
• DL and UL C/(I+N)
• DL and UL best bearers
• DL and UL channel and user throughputs
• UL transmission power
• Number of used resource blocks in UL
• Other results

Monte Carlo Simulation Results Display - mobiles

Simulation Output – Cell level
+Site
level Detailed information regarding cell throughput and cell load
stat.
Mobile/u
ser level
stats

MIMO in ATOLL

MIMO consideration in ATOLL (TX diversity, non
AMS case)
•MIMO Gain application in non AMS case
•The gain is applied as correction to the SINR (which is further corrected

by clutter specific factor - “Transmit Diversity Gain Offset” [dB] in Clutter
Menu). The formula is applied/valid for all SINR. The gain is applied as dB
correction to manipulate final SINR further used for bearer assignment.
•Same construction is used in UL and DL. However, tool allows to enter
different values to specify UL and DL.

MIMO consideration in ATOLL (AMS case)
•MIMO Gain application in AMS (adaptive MIMO switch) case:
•The gain is applied as correction to the SINR (which is further corrected by clutter
specific factor - “Transmit Diversity Gain Offset” [dB] in Clutter Menu). The formula
is applied/valid for all SINR. The gain is applied as dB correction to manipulate final
SINR further used for bearer assignment. HOWEVER, The formula is applied/valid
only for FIRSTLY CALCULATED SINR (SINR without any previous gain corrections)
being BELOW SM switch threshold. The gain is applied as dB correction to
manipulate final SINR further used for bearer assignment.
•If not the case, there are not applied SINR corrections ,but there is applied
SM Gain defined by “Max MIMO Gain Graph” (in MIMO cfg menu, global parameter)
further weighted by clutter specific “Spatial Multiplexing Gain Factor” (between 0-1).
The gain is applied as muliplicative factor towards Bearer Efficiency (i.e. towards
bearer throughput).
•Same construction is used in UL and DL. However, tool allows to enter different
values to specify UL and DL.

Settings for MIMO – 1) set/enter SISO bearers
MCS thresholds for DL
ATOLL

Settings for MIMO – 2) set/enter SISO bearers
MCS thresholds for UL
ATOLL

Settings for MIMO – 3) set the UL and DL gains
Total
MIMO
gain to be
applied,
including
3 dB Tx
power
increase
Default div. gains 2x2 MIMO 8.2 dB, diversity 1X2 4 dB, as per dimensioning tool

Setting of MIMO 4) with SM (Adaptive MIMO
Switch)
•Value of AMS switch have to be entered
•Cell to be AMS enabled (“Diversity Support)
•Proposed default 15dB or higher (LTE Performance SFS speaking

about SM with connection of 64QAM modulation, which might appear
for SINR above 15dB, however value around 22-23dB is more
realistic).

Switch)
Effect of Spatial multiplexing Throughput increase are modeled by
“Max MIMO Gain” graph

(multiplicative factor to weight
bearer efficiency –> throughput)

Switch)
•Possible effect of Spatial multiplexing throughput increase are
modeled by the clutter specific “Spatial Multiplexing Gain
Factor” (multiplicative factor to weight bearer efficiency –
throughput)

Settings for MIMO – 7) Condition MIMO to be used
User have to use MIMO feature
MIMO terminal to be defined 2 RX

and 1TX antenna to have DL
MIMO (2x2) and UL TX diversity -
SIMO (1x2)

MIMO INPUT VALUES – SUMMARY
•KEEP THE VALUES IN LINE WITH DIMENSIONING TOOL, so….
•UL noise figure (BTS) 2.2 dB
•DL noise figure (UE) 7dB
•Default div. gains
– diversity (1X2): 4 dB
– MIMO (2x2): 8.2 dB – consists of 4 dB reception diversity, 3 dB TX power
increase and 1.2 dB MIMO receiving gain over reception diversity.
•Clutter specific offsets 0dB (i.e. no impact)
•MAX MIMO GAIN (Capacity gain due to SM) – between 1(no capacity
gain) and 2(doubling capacity), so about 1.5.
•Clutter specific offset 1 (i.e. no impact)
•Adaptive MIMO Switch Threshold cca 15dB (LTE Performance SFS
speaking about SM with connection of 64QAM modulation, which might
appear for SINR above 15dB, however value around 22-23dB is more
realistic)
•LTE Bearers as per NSN dimensioning tool
•UL and DL MCS thresholds as per NSN dimensioning tool (EPS05
Channel, column for SISO (1x1))
MIMO LIMITATION WITH CURRENT ATOLL -
FORSK COMMENTS
•In the current version of Atoll, AMS (Adaptive MIMO Switch) Threshold
is applied on UL and DL in any configuration……
•In the commercial version of the LTE Module (Atoll 2.8.0 - end of
2008), it will be possible to set MIMO configurations (STTD, SM, AMS,
none) on DL or UL independently.
•That's partially why the current version is just a "beta / pre-release"

LTE version.

CREATING OF TRAFFIC MAPS IN ATOL

Creating of traffic map in ATOLL
create a new trafic map "Map based on environments"

-then select in the toolbox a type of environment, “dense urban"
for example and draw a polygon. Hit "close"
- go to the data tab and edit the environment in the LTE
parameters folder. On the second tab, you have "clutter
weighting". Here you can set up a weighting based on clutter
classes
-at this moment traffic map have been created and the clutter
weighting set here will be taken into account during any
calculations.
-Map is there and is possible to use for simulations, but it is
invisible on GUI window as map. To see the map it is necessary
to export and import the map – see next slide.

Visualization of created traffic map
- go back to the geo tab, right click on traffic folder then "export
cumulated traffic".
- select a format (bil for example)
- then you can choose the export zone (entire area or
computation zone) and the traffic map you wish to export.
-if you want to really see the result, you have now to import the
traffic map.
-File / import and the select traffic density as map type.

Export of Cumulated Traffic
Which area
traffic is coming
from
Traffic is
defined per
service (if
service mix,
than more than
1 traffic map
exists)
Which traffic
density map(s)
are used

Traffic Map Creation – traffic per transmitter input
Whole traffic table is
possible to import

Import/Create Traffic Map based on per user
requested throughput per service

TRAFFIC IMPORTING

Imported Traffic – distribution between terminal
type, mobility and indoor/outdoor percentage

LTE SINR and Signal Measurements as per
3GPP and ATOLL

Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) – 3GPP
36.214 - measured on Reference Signal
•Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is defined as the
ratio N×RSRP/(E-UTRA carrier RSSI), where N is the number
of RB’s of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth.
The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be
made over the same set of resource blocks.
• Reference signal received power (RSRP), is determined for a
considered cell as the linear average over the power
contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements that carry cell-
specific reference signals within the considered measurement
frequency bandwidth. If receiver diversity is in use by the UE,
the reported value shall be equivalent to the linear average of
the power values of all diversity branches.
• E-UTRA Carrier Received Signal Strength Indicator,
comprises the total received wideband power observed by the
UE from all sources, including co-channel serving and non-
serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise
etc.
Reference DL Signals – 3GPP TS 36.211

Interference Calculation in ATOLL – based on
PDSCH

Interference calculation DL – based on PDSCH
Other Cell
interference Load

Interference calculation UL based PUSCH
Other Cell
interference Load

SINR Conclusions
•Resulting SINR is calculated as own cell signal over sum of

interference coming from other cell. Interference calculations
takes all/most issues into account.
•Same transmission power is used for all signals/channels in
the downlink (reference signals, SCH, PBCH, PDSCH, etc.)
•Same noise and interference are considered for these different
channels.
•Therefore, the description in the technical reference guide only
mentions SNR and SINR in general.
•In reality, the SINR being compared to the AMS thresholds is
the reference signal SINR, and the SINR to which the TX Div.
gain is being applied is the PDSCH CINR.


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LTE Planning with ATOL

Soc Classification level

Atoll GUI Legend Window

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

•Open Network plan

•Set computation zone

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Bearer efficiency divided by

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems

• Transmit Diversity gain offsets and SM gain factor defined per

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

• Traffic can be modelled using traffic maps and subscriber lists

– Live traffic maps Live Traffic Data

Raster Traffic Data

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Coverage by Signal Level Number of Servers

Soc Classification level

Coverage by DL CINR Coverage by UL CINR

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

• For each mobile

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

•The gain is applied as correction to the SINR (which is further corrected

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

•Proposed default 15dB or higher (LTE Performance SFS speaking

Soc Classification level

“Max MIMO Gain” graph

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

User have to use MIMO feature

MIMO terminal to be defined 2 RX

Soc Classification level

•That's partially why the current version is just a "beta / pre-release"

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

create a new trafic map "Map based on environments"

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level