FINAL PROJECT

- STEAM BOILER -
REPRESENTED BY :
MOHAMAD NORSYAZWAN BIN SHARKAWI (CB200183)
MUHAMMAD IDRIS DANIEL BIN NOOR AZRIL(CB200121)
MUHAMMAD NOOR AMIRULLAH BIN
AZIZUDDIN(CB200191)
MUHAMMAD AMMAR RUSYDI BIN AB RASHID
(CB200219)
 Table of Contents Steam Boiler

Introduction of Advantages and

01 Steam Boiler
04 disadvantages

Principle of Certain Common

02 Steam Boiler 05 Mountings

Steam Boiler View

03 Parts In Assembly 06 Types of
Steam Boiler
Drawing
 01
INTRODUCTION
OF STEAM
BOILER
 What is steam boiler?

• Steam boiler or simply a boiler is basically a closed vessel into which water is heated until
the water is converted into steam at required pressure.
• A steam boiler is a power generation device, used for generating steam by applying the
heat energy to water.
• The pressure range of earlier boilers ranges from low pressure to medium pressure (7 kPa
to 2000 kPa/ 1psi to 290 psi).
• This boiler is very used whenever a steam source is necessary, and the size, type mainly
depends on the type of application like mobile steam engines which includes handy
engines, steam locomotives, and road vehicles.
• These vehicles include a mini boiler that can be worked with steam power.
 02
STEAM BOILER
VIEW PARTS IN
ASSEMBLY
DRAWING
STEAM BOILER VIEW PARTS IN
ASSEMBLY DRAWING
 03
PRINCIPLE OF
STEAM BOILER

Purpose of Steam Boiler
• For generating power in
steam engines or steam
turbines
• In process industries for
various processes.
• For heating the buildings
in cold weather and for
producing hot water for • The water must be
hot water supply
• The steam must be
Principle of Steam Boiler
Characteristics of
Steam Boiler
• Steam boiler generates
the highest amount of
Primary Requirements
steam with low fuel
of a Steam Boiler
utilization.
• It must be less weight
as well as needs small
space
contained safely • It must be immediate
starting.
safely delivered in the • These boilers must be
desired condition (as cheap as well as
regards its pressure, needless
temperature, quality and concentration.
a required rate • These boilers handle
any kind of fluctuating
load.
Applications
of Steam Boiler
• These are used to
generate power in
steam turbines or
engines.
• These are used for
various processes in
process industries
• These are used in
houses or buildings in
cool weather for
generating a hot water
supply
 Heat source - the fuel to
be burned and its ash
properties or the process Conformity to
material from which the safety regulations
Production of a maximum heat is to be recovered.
quantity of steam with Monetary cost
minimal fuel consumption

Tensile strength of
Economic feasibility material must be
of installation Boiler considered while using
design any joining processes

may be
Minimal operator
attention required during based: Cost restrictions
operation

Capability for Safety

quick starting Quality of raw water : how considerations
Capacity/steam output
hard or soft the water is
required, usually
will determine the
measured in tonnes per
material of the boiler.
hour or kg/s.
 04
ADVANTAGES AND
DISVANTAGES OF
STEAM BOILER
 Steam Boiler

Advantages Disadvantages

• The construction cost of these boilers
is low.
• This boiler uses any kind of chimney
• It occupies less floor area.
• It is portable.
• It has a self-enclosed boiler
• The design of the steam boiler is
vertical so the capacity of steam
rising is low.
• It has limited pressure and capacity.
• The cleaning and examination of
these are difficult.
• It requires high headspace
 05
CERTAIN
COMMON
MOUNTINGS
(specifically those required by the Indian Boiler Act)
 Feed check valve - regulates
the flow of water into the boiler
and prevents the back flow of
water in case of failure of the
feed pump.
Steam stop valve - regulates the
flow of steam that is produced in the
boiler to the steam pipe, and may
also be used to stop the supply of
steam from the boiler

Blow-off cock - removes

Certain common water from the shell at
Safety valves - mountings (specifically regular intervals to
automatically prevent the those required by the remove the various
steam pressure from Indian Boiler Act) impurities that may be
exceeding safe levels settled at the bottom of
include:
the shell.

Fusible plug - placed at the lowest

Water-level indicators -
level of water and above the
indicate the level of water
combustion chamber, its function is
in the shell.
to extinguish the fire as soon as the
water level in the shell of the boiler
falls below a certain marked level.
 06
TYPES OF
STEAM BOILER
 Types of Steam Boiler

fire tube boiler Water tube boiler

there are numbers of reverse of the fire tube boiler.

tubes through which hot In water tube boiler the water is
gases are passed and heated inside tubes and
water surrounds these hot gasses surround these tubes.
tubes.
 Fire Tube Boiler

What is fire tube boiler Types of Fire Tube Boiler

• the fire tube boiler consists of numbers of

tubes through which hot gasses are passed. external furnace internal furnace
• These hot gas tubes are immersed into
water, in a closed vessel.
• Actually in fire tube boiler one closed vessel
or shell contains water, through which hot • Horizontal • horizontal
tubes are passed Return Tubular tubular
• These fire tubes or hot gas tubes heated up Boiler. • vertical
the water and convert the water into steam • Short Fire Box tubular
and the steam remains in same vessel.
• the water and steam both are in same
Boiler.
vessel a fire tube boiler cannot produce • Compact Boiler.
steam at very high pressure.
• it can produce maximum 17.5 kg/cm2 and
with a capacity of 9 Metric Ton of steam per
hour.
 Water Tube Boiler

What is water Tube Advantages and disadvantages of

Boiler water Tube Boiler
• Actually this boiler is just
opposite of fire tube boiler where
Advantages Disadvantages
hot gasses are passed through
tubes which are surrounded by
water.
• It is quite compact in • The main
construction. disadvantage of water
• Fluctuation of steam tube boiler is that it is
demand can be met not compact in
easily. construction.
• It is also quite cheap. • Its cost is not cheap.
• Size is a difficulty for
transportation and
construction.
 • Longitudinal Drum
Water Tube Boiler.
Horizontal Straight Tube Boiler.
• Cross Drum Water
Tube Boiler.

• Two Drum Bent Tube

Boiler.
Types of Water Tube Boiler Bent Tube Boiler. • Three Drum Bent Tube
Boiler.
• Low Head Three Drum
Bent Tube Boiler.
• Four Drum Bent Tube
Boiler.

Cyclone Fired Boiler.

Longitudinal Drum
Water Tube Boiler
 • Thermonyphon principle.
• The construction of longitudinal drum boiler, is fed by colder mater
at its rear feed water inlet.
Working Principle of • Colder water is heavier it falls down through down-comer fitted at
Longitudinal Drum the rear part of the drum.
Water Tube Boiler • From down-comer the water enters in to horizontal water tube
where it becomes hot and lighter.
• As the water becomes lighter, it passes up through these inclined
horizontal tubes and ultimately comes back to the boiler drum
through riser.
• During travelling of water through inclined water tubes, it absorbs
heat of the hot gases, surrounds the water tube, consequently
steam bubbles are created in these tubes.
• These steam bubbles then come to the steam drum through riser
and naturally separated from water and occupies the space above
the water surface in the longitudinal drum of Babcock – Wilcox
Boiler.

• Also known as Longitudinal Drum Boiler or Horizontal Tubes

Boiler.
• In this type of boiler, one cylindrical drum is longitudinally placed
above the heat chamber.
Construction of • In rear of the drum down comer tube is filled and in front of the
Babcock- drum riser tube is fitted as shown in the figure.
Wilcox Boiler • These down-comer tube and riser tube are connected to each
other by 5o to 15o straight water tubes as shown in the figure.
 Cross
Drum Boiler
The working principle of cross drum boiler is same as
longitudinal drum boiler.
• The feed water is fed to the cross drum through
feed water inlet.
• Then this water comes down through the down-
comer pipe and enters into inclined water tube
placed in hot chamber.
• Here, the water becomes hot and steam is
produced in the water which comes into steam
chamber.
• Here in the steam drum steam is separated from
Construction of Cross Drum Water Tube Boiler
• Cross Drum Boiler is essentially a variant of the
Longitudinal Drum Boiler.
• In Cross Drum Boiler the steam drum is placed at
cross ways to the heat source as shown in the
figure.
• Here, the down-comer is fitted on the bottom of
the drum and riser is fitted on the top of the drum
via a horizontal tube as shown in the figure.
• 5o to 15o inclined water tubes are connected with
down-comer and riser tubes in same manner of
Bent Tube or
Stirling Boiler
 Working Principle of Bent Tube or
Stirling Boiler
• Capacity of Stirling Boiler is much
• The feed water first enters into right
most upper drum.
• Due to more density this water
comes down in the lower water
drum.
• The water within that water drum
and the connecting pipes to the
other two upper drums, are heated
up and consequently steam bubbles
are produced.
• This is the most basic working
Capacity of Stirling Boiler
higher than Babcock – Wilcox
boiler as high as 50,000kg per
hour and pressure as high as
60kg/cm2.
Construction of Bend Tube Boiler
• Three drums are placed on the heat
source as shown on the figure.
• Fourth drum is placed inside the heat
chamber and this fourth drum is
connected to upper three steam
drums with help of bend water tube.
• Upper three drums are connected
with equalizer tubes as shown in the
figure.
• Steam is taken from equalizer tubes.
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